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Water retention in experimental waterbasins with focus on histosols
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
This thesis is being written within the framework of the project GA UK 2371/2007 "Water retention in spring areas as a tool of integrated anti-floods protection and solution of problems with dryness" at the Institute of Physical Geography and Geoecology. The influence of histosols on retention, especially in the National Park of Šumava, is a delicate topic because of collision of nature protection and valuable biotopes preservation on one hand and countryside utilization for anti-floods protection on the other hand. The thesis follows the bachelor thesis "Water retention of histosols". It includes a detailed pedological analysis of the basins of 'Rokytka' and 'Černý potok'. The result of the thesis is water retention determination in the basins and calculation of overall soil retentive potential. The thesis also addresses the analysis of the influence of organic soil on retentive potential of countryside. Keywords: water retention, histosols
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Analysis of snowpack density in mountain catchments in Krušné Mountains and Šumava Mountains
Blšťák, Adam ; Jeníček, Michal (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
Analysis of snowpack density in mountain catchments in Krušné Mountains and Šumava Mountains Abstract: Mountain catchments are very important sources of fresh water. These areas are characterized with long period of snow cover. The thesis presents analyses of snow density in mountain catchments, focusing mainly on factors and processes influencing its distribution. The data of data recorded in experimental catchments in the Krušné Mountains and the Šumava Mountains through 2010 - 2014 are compared with findings given in different scientific articles and studies. The thesis examines the influence of several factors on snow density. It is first of all the influence of snow depth, as well as the influence of vegetation, the development of density in time, and the development of snowpack density in relation to the snow water equivalent. The results of the research show that snowpack density gradually increases with snow depth. The highest density occurs on open plains and in damaged forests. Density also increases with time. The highest density can be observed towards the end of winter, in March and April. Keywords: snow density, snow depth, snow cover, mountain catchments
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The German neoactivism 1935-1938
Vlček, Lukáš ; Kuklík jun., Jan (advisor) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee)
Problematika česko-německých vztahů byla po celou dobu trvání První republiky jedním z ústředních bodů jejího politického života. Od vzniku Československa v roce 1918 až do jeho konce v roce 1938 v podstatě nebylo vlády, která by nebyla nucena reagovat na vývoj každodenního soužití několika národností na půdě ČSR. Postavení německé menšina bylo určeno několika zásadním faktory. Zejména se jednalo o minoritu nejpočetnější, s plně rozvinutou sociální strukturou, s bohatě rozvinutým kulturním životem a politickým spektrem, které plně kopírovalo stav na české straně. Další důležit), činitel představoval fakt, že německé oblasti sousedily s Rakouskem a především s Německem. Úzké kontakty a pocit sounáležitosti s celým německým národem měl za následek, že sudetští Němci dění za hranicemi vždy pozorně sledovali a byli vystaveni vlivům, které z těchto států vycházely Toto vše předznamenávalo důležitost německé otázky pro stabilitu celého státu. Vztah německého obyvatelstva k republice prošel za dvacet let velmi bouřlivým vývojem. Po 1. světové válce, rozpadu Rakouska-Uherska a vzniku ČSR byl naprosto odmítavý. V polovině 20. let nastal u většiny obyvatelstva obrat a převahu získal aktivistický proud. Vyjádření se tomuto stavu dostalo v roce 1926 vstupem dvou německých stran do vlády a ve volbách roku 1929, kdy více...
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Water retention in mountain soils - case study Šumava Mts.
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kvítek, Tomáš (referee) ; Kulhavý, Zbyněk (referee)
The thesis deals with water retention potential in soils of experimental catchment areas in Šumava Mts. Water storage in the lanscape is a question not only of the water storage capacity, but also of the infiltration rate or total redistribution of infiltrated water in the soil environment. This chosen topic is analyzed by detailed pedological survey, processing and evaluation of rainfall events, chemistry of stream water and methods of stable isotopes hydrogen and oxygen and methods based on dyes or tracers. The runoff formation process in the Šumava Mts. is connected with the presence of hydromorphous soils as Histosols and their water saturation. Histosols and similar types of soils form a considerable supply of water in dry seasons, however, water is mainly retained in soil with a minimal impact on local streams. In the period of high saturation, the volume of outflow increases due to surface runoff and preferential pathways. At mineral soils in the Šumava region deep percolation usually occurs into aquifers in the subsoil, which then can supply springs during dry periods. From the agricultural exploited parts of the Šumava Mts., the meadow basins have higher retention capacity thanks to the drainage systems. On the other hand, soil surface and drainage systems of local meadows accelerate the...
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Remote sensing as indicator of Soil structure changing
Kocum, Jiří ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
1 Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Katedra fyzické geografie a geoekologie Studijní program: Geografie (Bakalářské studium) Studijní obor: Fyzická geografie a geoinformatika Jiří KOCUM Dálkový průzkum jako indikátor změn struktury půdního pokryvu Remote sensing as indicator of Soil structure changing Bakalářská práce Vedoucí bakalářské práce: RNDr. Luděk Šefrna, CSc. Abstract This thesis is about soil properties, their influence on soil spectral reflectance and Remote Sensing (RS) in pedology. The aim of the thesis is to explain the cause and to estimate the possible future development of the mosaics of local soils, which is visible in aerial photographs, on the selected territory of Kleneč in the Ústí nad Labem Region, by using data from the field survey and RS. Based on the results, evaluate if the methods of RS are suitable apparatus for solving this problem. For this purpose, data from field surveys, aerial and satellite images were collected. This information was compared and evaluated. The results showed a difference in soil properties that cause a different ability to bond water over time. Differnce in water content in soil influence the spectral reflectance of the soil, which is reflected in aerial and satellite imagery in the form of a mosaic. Key words: Remote Sensing, Soil,...
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Water retention in experimental waterbasins with focus on histosols
Vlček, Lukáš
This thesis is being written within the framework of the project GA UK 2371/2007 "Water retention in spring areas as a tool of integrated anti-floods protection and solution of problems with dryness" at the Institute of Physical Geography and Geoecology. The influence of histosols on retention, especially in the National Park of Šumava, is a delicate topic because of collision of nature protection and valuable biotopes preservation on one hand and countryside utilization for anti-floods protection on the other hand. The thesis follows the bachelor thesis "Water retention of histosols". It includes a detailed pedological analysis of the basins of 'Rokytka' and 'Černý potok'. The result of the thesis is water retention determination in the basins and calculation of overall soil retentive potential. The thesis also addresses the analysis of the influence of organic soil on retentive potential of countryside
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Water retention: water balance of a model area
Kalianková, Kateřina ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
Water retention in the landscape is a relatively broad topic and the are a number of measures that can be applied to achieve increased water retention. This thesis focuses on water reservoirs and nature- friendly measures in the form of revitalized watercourses. The aim of this work is based on a simplified calculation of the water balance in a model area to determine which of the retention measures is more appropriate for a given situation and conditions. The water balance is based mainly on the calculation of evapotranspiration using the FAO Penman-Monteith equation. The first part of the work contains a review of water balance and factors that affect it. The work also deals with selected retention measures and their functions during drought and flood events. The second part contains the calculation of evapotranspiration, determination of water balance, and its evaluation. From the view of the evaporation values, the presented calculations show the deep water reservoirs to be the most advantageous, in which evaporation in the model area is the lowest from all presented situations. The work also points out the importance of evapotranspiration as an element of water balance and recommends determining it for the initial approximation of the local situation during the planning of retention measures....
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Usage of meteorological data in hydrological modelling (case study in upper Vydra catchment)
Vlček, Lukáš ; Šípek, Václav
This paper deals with an evaluation of runoff formation at a small catchment (0.6 km2) consisting of two dominant soil types of the Vydra headwaters. Several Hydro-meteorological parameters have been measured at the study catchment and used in a hydrological model in an effort to estimate a proportion of surface or subsurface flow components and their effects on the outflow process. Chosen hydrological model showed that a greater proportion of an outflow from the catchment is generated, in general, from a peat bog area, mainly due to the lower evapotranspiration from the peatland compared to the mineral soil. On the contrary, during dry periods most of the outflow comes from a mineral soil and a peat bog contributes only to the outflow from the lower, permanently saturated layer.
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