|
|
Opium - chemical composition, use and potentialities of drug abuse
Štenclová, Andrea ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Štenclová, A.: Opium - chemical composition, use and potentialities of drug abuse. A diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 94 pages This retrieval diploma thesis focuses on the processing of the facts about opium. The issue is examined from several points of view. The thesis deals with the question of the origin of this drug, its historical conception in various civilisations; it also concentrates on the chemical composition of the drug - particular attention is paid to the classification of alkaloids according to their chemical structure and to their biosynthesis. The following parts of the thesis describe legal and illegal opium production in the world, pharmacological effects of this drug on human organism as well as the problem of drug addiction and possibilities of its treatment. Keywords: opium, Papaver somniferum, opioid alkaloids, opium production, opium's effects on human organism, drug addiction
|
|
|
Effects Evaluation of Quinazolin Alkaloids from Justicia Adhatoda
Žampachová, Pavla ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Mgr. Pavla Žampachová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of rigorous thesis: Effects evaluation of quinazolin alkaloids from Justicia adhatoda The aim of our experiment was the evaluation of a relaxing activity of natural substances obtained from Justicia adhatoda by an in vitro method on an isolated trachea of rats. Specifically, we tested: a standardized ethanol extract from Justicia adhatoda, vasicine and vasicinone. As a standard substance, we used theofylline. Theofylline was also used for inducing maximal relaxation of a trachea. Our experiment was carried out on rat males of Wistar tribe, weight between 250-300 g. The scheme of our experiment was in following sequence: inducing trachea contractions by giving a carbachol solution (10-5 M), a cumulative intake of separate doses of a tested substance ensued; finally, theofylline (3×10-3 M) was used for inducing maximal trachea relaxation. Every measured value of relaxation of tested substances was compared to maximal relaxation by theofylline and issued with percentage. Acquired values were compiled by GraphPad Prism 5 program. Through this program, for every tested substance, we gained a DRC...
|
|
|
Phytochemical study of Helianthus annuus L. II
Niedobová, Soňa ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
OF THE DIPLOMA THESIS My diploma thesis was intended on phytochemical study of polar extract of Helianthus annuus L. leaves and simultaneously biological tests were done (so-called bioassay - guided separation) - acute toxicity, antioxidant activity (DPPH test, FRAP metod) and antifungal activity. The Fraction 29 showed the highest antioxidant activity. The Fraction 22-24/3, obtained by preparative chromatography, was analyzed by gas chromatography. This analysis shows present of the oil-acid, the oily acids with a middle chain, the palmitoic acid and the myristic acid.
|
|
|
Constituents of Helianthus annuus Flowers
Dresler, Jiří ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
The aim of this work was carring out the phytochemical analysis of latter part of the ethanolic extract of ligulate flowers from common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). This ethanolic extract was subjected to crystallization by decreasing temperature and resulting suspension was separated by filtration and subsequent purification. We obtained two kinds of crystals: K2 and K4. In case of K2 krystals is obvious, that this compound is consistent neither with kaurenoic acid nor stigmasterol. The NMR results, however, suggest the chemical resemblance to kaurenoic acid and that investigated substances are not kaurenoic esters. The K4 crystals differ from K2 on TLC. We can claim (on the basis of TLC results) that K4 is chemically pure substance and is also not identical with kaurenoic acid as well as stigmasterol. The NMR analysis of K4 crystals is still in progress.
|
|
|
Phytochemical study of Helianthus annuus leaves
Novosadová, Zuzana ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
SOUHRN Cílem této diplomové práce bylo najít nejpřínosnější izolační postup pro získání látek z listů slunečnice roční a pokusit se odstranit chlorofyl, kterého bylo v extraktu velké množství a mohl by komplikovat další postup. Náplní druhé části diplomové práce bylo provést biologické hodnocení získaných extraktů. Nejprve byl připraven ethanolový extrakt z listů H. annuus zpracováním 100 g výchozího materiálu, se kterým byla provedena extrakce 400 ml 80% EtOH a následovala filtrace. Extrakce byla zopakována ještě s 200 ml 80% ethanolu, oba filtráty byly spojeny a bylo získáno celkem 360 ml ethanolového extraktu. Dalším krokem bylo odstranění chlorofylu z tohoto extraktu. 3 ml extraktu bylo podrobeno zkoušce na odstranění chlorofylu. K extraktu se přikapával 15% roztok octanu olovnatého. Vznikla sraženina, která byla odfiltrována. K filtrátu se přikapával nasycený roztok uhličitanu barnatého a opět byla provedena filtrace. Po přidání uhličitanu barnatého se vysrážel chlorofyl. Pro orientaci byla provedena TLC dichlormethan-ethylacetát 80 : 20, chloroform-methanol 80 : 20. Celé množství sumárního extraktu (347 ml) bylo zbaveno chlorofylu stejnou metodou, která byla odzkoušena nejprve s malým množstvím extraktu, tedy pomocí octanu olovnatého (435 kapek) a následně přidáním uhličitanu barnatého (100 ml + 800...
|
|
|
Assessment of chelation of cupric ions with flavones by use of hematoxylin method
Tamborová, Barbora ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Sklenářová, Hana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Mgr. Barbora Tamborová Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Assessment of chelation of cupric ions with flavones by use of hematoxylin method Copper is an essential trace element involved in many physiological processes. It is a part of several enzymes. Disruption of copper homeostasis results in pathological changes and diseases, excess of copper is highly toxic for human body. Flavonoids, the ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, are highly abundant in the human diet. They represent a large group of polyphenolic compounds. They are characterized by a broad spectrum of biological activities. The anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic and anticancer effects of flavonoids are well documented. Flavones belong to the group of flavonoids, they have chelating and antioxidative properties. They are known for their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antiallergic activity. This thesis deals with chelating activity of six selected flavones, substituted on the A ring, namely 5-hydroxyflavone, baicalein, baicalin, chrysin, mosloflavone and negletein. Individual analyses were preformed using...
|
|
|
Iron-chelating acitivity of selected alkaloids I.
Rudolfová, Tereza ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Tereza Rudolfová Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Iron-chelating activity of selected alkaloids I. (2012-2013) Iron belongs among the essential trace elements in the human body, where takes many important functions. Metabolic disorder of iron occurs as iron deficiency (anemia) or its abundance (hematochromatosis). Production of free radicals is induced while the level of iron is increased. This has been observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Abundance of iron is treated by chelating agents (f.e. deferoxamine). Treatment takes place by slow infusion which is time-consuming and expensive. These are reasons of looking for new substances administrated orally. Alkaloids are products of secondary metabolism of plants. Big doses are toxic for body. Some of their properties can be used for treatment in low concentration. This work focuses on chelation activity of certain isoquinoline alkaloids (allocryptopine, berberine, bulbocapnine, eschscholtzine, galantine, lykorine, californidine, protopine, sinoacutine, sculerine and stylopine). Deferoxamine has been used as a standard. Chelation of Fe2+ ions and total iron, where hydroxylamine has...
|
|
|
Iron-chelating Properties of Selected Novel Chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone Group
Matula, Aleš ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
4 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Aleš Matula, MSc. Consultant: Dr. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5- pyrazolone group Both iron deficiency and iron overload play important roles in the pathophysiology of certain diseases. A suitable therapy in the case of iron overload represents the administration of iron chelators, especially in the treatment of hematological diseases, where the chronic iron overload occurs (a long-term usage of blood transfusions). The application of iron chelators for other diseases (acute myocardial infarction, cancer, etc.) appears as a promising tool as well. The current chelators suffer from a low level of compliance, efficiency, their poor activity in acidic environment or they reduce ferric ions to ferrous ions and that leads to oxidative stress. The subject of this thesis is to verify the iron-chelating properties of selected novel chelators from 4-acyl-5-pyrazolone group by use of UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods. Four compounds have been chosen: benzyl-, phenyl- and thienylderivatives of the basic structure and the derivative marked as H2Q4, which is a double molecule of the basic structure of...
|
|
|
Effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular system
Šramarová, Pavlína ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Pavlína Šramarová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D Bachelor thesis 2013/2014: Effects of flavonoids on cardiovascular system, pp. 54 Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolities. Flavonoids have a positive influence on human health and show antioxidant activity. They scavenge free radicals and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer. This bachelor thesis explores mechanisms of their action, relationships between structure of flavonoids and antioxidant activity as well as their potential benefit in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, this work provides an overview of the significant effects of certain plants containing flavonoids such as Camellia sinensis, Vitis vinifera, Achillea millefolium, genus Artemisia etc. Key words: flavonoids, the cardiovascular system, effects, antioxidants
|
|
|
Plants as source of coumarins
Staszková, Barbora ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Barbora Staszková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Plants as source of coumarins Plants are source of a wide range of substances called secondary metabolites. These substances include also coumarins, derivatives of a lactone of o-hydroxycinnamic acid. They are found in many plant species and are specific especially for the family Apiaceae, Rutaceae or Fabaceae. They can be produced by some microorganisms. They have many effects in the treatment of vascular, gastrointestinal or infectious diseases. Properties, uses and sources some of these are the subject of this diploma thesis. KEYWORDS: coumarins, secondary metabolites, effects
|
guest ::
