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The issues of juvenile criminal justice
Sovák, Ondřej ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
of the Thesis "Problems in Juvenile Crimininal Justice" The thesis is dedicated to the juvenile criminal justice issues in the Czech Republic. The work is divided into three parts. The first part includes a historical view of the punishment of minors and the situation before the adoption of Act No. 218/2003 Coll. It then focuses on the complex legislative process of adopting the juvenile justice act and the reasons leading to its adoption. The largest space is devoted to individual amendments. The aim was to acquaint the reader with the development of the legislation with particular focus on the latest amendment introduced by Act No. 41/2009 Coll. which it has not been possible to pay attention to as appropriate in university theses so far. The second part describes the basic principles of juvenile criminal justice which are important for the understanding of the meaning of the Act. A study of basic principles can assist in drawing attention to controversial issues, or perhaps also assist in resolving them. At the same time, this part tries to highlight the ideological coherence of the whole Act which is reflected in its individual institutes. The third part is divided into four subparts by individual selected institutes of the Act. What is analyzed in detail are issues of the protection of minors'...
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Criminal act of fraud with focus on fraud in the health care system
Klos, Dušan ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
This rigorous thesis deals with the crime of fraud as regulated by the Czech criminal law with focus on fraudulent practices within the system of healthcare services provision. The crime of fraud represents generally one of the most frequent wrongful practices. The Czech legislation distinguishes between the general form of fraud and special form of fraud, within the framework of which specific subtypes of fraud are defined. Fraudulent practices not only occur in the healthcare system, but are also supported by the system. The reasons are numerous. The first reason is that there is a large number of participants in this system with multiple complex links between them, which are part of the healthcare system as such, the second reason is the rather unclear and non-transparent situation of financing and cash flows in this area, and finally, there is a considerable amount of money going into the healthcare sector annually. Financial losses within the system, which are caused by such wrongful practices, are estimated to amount to about 3% of the contributed amount, i.e. 3% of the CZK 290 billion flowing into the healthcare system of the Czech Republic. This sum is alarming and calls for increased attention from the professional public and for the creation of a rational and functional model for fighting the...
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Domestic violence and its prevention
Krénová, Julie ; Vanduchová, Marie (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
ZÁVĚR Domácí násilí bylo po dlouhá staletí běžnou součást rodinného života. Muž, hlava rodiny, měl moc nad životem svých blízkých. Rozhodoval o sňatku dcery, vzdělání syna, trestu pro "neposlušnou" manželku. Rozdělení na mužské a ženské role bylo ve společnosti striktně dodržováno. Co se událo v rodině, to tam také zůstalo. Žádné domácí násilí oficiálně neexistovalo. Přístup státu a společnosti se postupem času změnil. Vývoj směřoval od ignorování problému, přes postih nejkřiklavějších incidentů až po snahu domácímu násilí předcházet. Dnes společnost fenomén domácího násilí nejen zná, ale také vnímá jeho závažnost a nutnost zásahu zvenku při jeho řešení. Zcitlivění veřejnosti, ať už laické či odborné, je klíčové. Jen nulová tolerance násilí uvnitř rodiny může vést k důslednému řešení problému. Na začátku 21. století téměř všichni obyvatelé České republiky vědí, co je domácí násilí.1 Nebyla to snadná cesta. Na jejím počátku bylo zavírání očí před problémem, případně nedostatečné a nesystematické postihování nejzávažnějších činů. První pozitivní změnu přineslo vložení samostatné skutkové podstaty § 215a do trestního zákona. Umožnilo trestat zlé zacházení pachatele s osobou, která s ním sdílí obydlí, bez ohledu na to, zda jednotlivý útok dosáhl intenzity trestného činu. Kriminalizace domácího násilí byla...
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The Crime of Dangerous Stalking under Section 354 of the Criminal Code
Kuřinová, Jana ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Resumé v anglickém jazyce The issue of this thesis is the crime of dangerous stalking, which is set out in section 354 of the Act No 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code and which criminalizes behavior commonly known under the term of stalking. The thesis aims not only at clarification of the criminal-law aspects of this crime, but also at its presentation in a more complex approach. So the thesis is divided into three parts, which are comprised of seven chapters. The first part, which is comprised of first two chapters, deals with stalking and its victims. This part addresses both the contemporary concept and historical development of this pathological phenomenon, frequency of its incidence, its possible manifestation, impact on pursued individuals and risk, which follow to them from stalking. The second part, which is comprised of third, fourth and fifth chapter, deals with issue of the crime of dangerous stalking itself. This part addresses the process of its implementation in the Czech criminal law and also its criminal- law aspects. So this part analyses this crime and deals also with possibilities of its concurrence with another crimes and with various tools of protection, which for pursued individuals provides the whole legal system. The last third part is comprised of sixth and seventh chapter. These...
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Crimes relatring to the abuse of addictive substances
Bohuslav, Lukáš ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Crime Related to Substance Abuse The topic of my thesis is Crime Related to Substance Abuse which is focused on drug- related crime. The main aim of this work is to explain drug problematic in penal law consequences to the reader. First Chapter introduces the reader to drug problematic and drug addiction issue including drug crimes, defining health, social, psychological and economic risks and dangers which may be caused by drugs. The drug crimes are divided into few basic categories because of different rational motives why those crimes are committed. Then, several essential terms connected to drug abuse are explained. Second Chapter deals with classifying drugs into several categories and analyzing their different characteristics. Third Chapter concerns with international cooperation, including its history and current international law treaty's on drugs passed within the United Nations. Three essentials applicable and effective treaties are following: Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961), Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971) and United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988). They involve international regulation and control of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The Czech Republic acceded and signed all of them. Theirs...
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