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Kül-Tegin památník. Turkický kaganát a výzkum československo-mongolské expedice v Chöšöö-Cajdam 1958
Šmahelová, Lucie ; Charvát, Petr (advisor) ; Maršálek, Jakub (referee) ; Heroldová, Helena (referee)
Anotation This thesis has been elaborated on the basis of research of the first Czechoslovak-Mongolian expedition, the pioneer and solitary foreign project of Czech archaeology, unsurpassed up to now. The current work attempted to enclose the research in honour of PhDr. Lumír Jisl and his unfinished but extremely valuable project, whose results are to be presented here, The following text is based mostly on materials collected from archives and depositories both in Czech Republic and Mongolia and available results of present Turkological studies. Regarding current state of researches the aim of this work is rather to formulate fundamental questions based on the research results, suggest some possible partial solutions and open space for further investigations than to proclaim some fixed statements.
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The early medieval settlement of Kutná Hora's region with take account to the development of the settlement at the central hill fort Malín and development of the rustic settlement at Bylany
Velímský, Filip ; Charvát, Petr (advisor) ; Klápště, Jan (referee) ; Frolík, Jan (referee)
Tuto práci bylo určitě možno napsat na mnoha místech jinak, zcela jistě lépe a často také více do hloubky. Nepopírám, že řady vytčených cílů bylo dosaženo pouze částečně a některé otázky zůstaly dokonce nezodpovězeny, přesto si ale myslím, že práce jako celek svůj základní účel splnila. Výsledky archeologického výzkumu často svojí nekonkrétností svádí ke spekulaci. V takovém případě jsem se vždy snažil o co možná nejserióznější přístup, který by bral ohled na všechny možné varianty řešení. Jestliže jsem byl nucen formulovat konkrétní závěry, pokoušel jsem se je podat vždy tak, aby bylo zřejmé, jaké důvody mne ke konečnému rozhodnutí vedly. Netvrdím, že výsledky, k nimž jsem při práci dospěl, odrážejí nějakou historickou pravdu a jsou tak jediné možné. Jsem si vědom, že jiný badatel může mít na věc odlišný názor, a budu proto rád za každou věcnou připomínku ke způsobu provedení i výsledkům mého dosavadního výzkumu. Čtenáři se pak dodatečně omlouvám, za všechny případné chyby, které v práci najde, a které padají pouze a jen na mou hlavu.
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Western Additional and Iconographic Elements in Chinese Art of the Period of Disunity and Their Reflection in the Decoration of the Buddhist Cave Temples at Yungang, Northern Wei Dynasty
Svobodová, Kateřina ; Maršálek, Jakub (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee) ; Hrubý, Jakub (referee)
This PhD thesis focuses on additional decorative and iconographic motifs of Western origin that were transmitted to China during the Period of Disunity and penetrated Chinese Buddhist art. Many of these elements are not limited to Buddhist art, but also found use in profane art and became one of the sources from which later Chinese style was formed. Due to a very high concentration of the above mentioned motifs the complex of Buddhist caves at Yungang (Shanxi), cut during the reign of the Northern Wei dynasty (386-535 A. D.), was chosen as a basis of the comparative study. As this thesis proves, the influence of the Gandhāran art, whose elements were being spread to China especially through the region of modern Xinjiang, played an important role in the development of these patterns. At the same time it also shows, that Buddhist art was just one of the media of transmission of the foreign motifs and that this transmission occurred repeatedly during centuries, in several waves. This dissertation attempts, through the comparative analysis of the artifacts as well as through analysis of cultural and historical background and preserved information about work and life of craftsmen making the Buddhist and other works obtained by the study of primary literary sources, to shed light on the complexity of the...
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A traveller during the Přemyslid dynasty
Pros, Matěj ; Charvátová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee)
The thesis "A Traveller During the Přemyslid Dynasty" addresses the phenomenon of travel in the Middle Ages. A precise time frame is implied in the title with attention paid to the Přemyslid period and the narrative sources that describe it. The testimony provided by chronicles and legends is supplemented with knowledge from academic literature. The aim of this thesis is to present a comprehensive picture of life on the road and to address every circumstance that a traveller could encounter along his journeys. Starting with a description of the medieval landscape, which sets the basic conditions for any form of travel during this period. The thesis also focuses on the main reasons for travelling and the concept of travel in the medieval imagination, which then leads into the necessary preparations that had to be made before the beginning of each journey and the obstacles that had to be overcome along the way (most problems were faced when crossing a river or other bodies of water). Other chapters are dedicated to old roads and their legal status, orientation and to various forms of accommodation during longer journeys. A separate chapter focuses on pilgrims and describes the most important pilgrimage sites of the Middle Ages: Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela. A quick outline of the...
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Settlement dynamics in Tokharistan of the High Medieval Period and its causes
Damašek, Ladislav ; Stančo, Ladislav (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee)
(in English): The main goal of this thesis is to explain settlement development and its dynamics in mountain and piedmonts regions of Kugitang and Baysuntau ranges, southern Uzbekistan, in the High Middle Ages, as well as to evaluate archaeological material gathered by Czech- Uzbek expedition in 2014-2018. The data in question is set in historical and archaeological framework. The thesis contains evaluation of methods and of informative value of the given material. Furthermore, the previous research in region is evaluated and its results thoroughly revised. The complete list of both formerly and newly known sites in researched region has been created. Finally, settlement dynamics and factors that could influenced it are discussed and evaluated.
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"Djemevi" - Houses of Assembly of Alevis in Turkey
Vytejčková, Kateřina ; Procházka, Lubomír (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee) ; Jakoubková Budilová, Lenka (referee)
The subject of this work are houses of assembly - cemevi at Alevis in Turkey. The current Alevis follow on from the so - called Kizilbash (Qizilbash), who lived in the territory of the Ottoman Empire and the teachings of the mystical order of Bektashi, which was associated with the Ottoman Empire and the corps of Janissaries. Contemporary Alevism (alevilik), understood either as a religion or as a culture, is a product of the 20th century. Cemevi is a house where Alevis gather to conduct their own rituals. Modern day cemevi serves as multifunctional religious and cultural center where besides the rituals, teaching takes place and funerals are conducted. In this work I pursue the development of houses of assembly, deriving their terminology from two main sources - the form of the Bektashi ritual space (meydan) and from the village architecture of the Alevis populated areas. Today's cemevi is not only an architectural phenomenon but also a political problem, so I reflect on the Alevis' struggle to equate it with other sanctuaries and describe the focus of Alevis' roots, which in most cases initiate the construction of the cemevi. The appea- rance of the cemevi buildings, taking into account the available budget, is influenced by the perception of Alevism of their builders. Part of this work is field...
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The Theological and Comparative Religious Aspects of the Scholarly Dispute ,,Babel-Bibel"
Sýkorová, Jitka ; Charvát, Petr (advisor) ; Nosek, Bedřich (referee) ; Bándy, Juraj (referee)
This dissertation thematically belongs to the field of "History of Science and Scholarly Knowledge" with significant reach to theology and exegesis. It concerns the dispute of whether the annunciated text of the Old Testament was in all respects original or if it in some respects followed the traditions of ancient Near Eastern civilizations, particularly the Sumero-Akkadian one. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the fundamental information on the "Babel-Bibel" dispute to the Czech scholarly community for the very first time. The dissertation includes an analysis of the course and consequences of the dispute as well as a discussion of the impact of Oriental scholarship on Old Testament exegesis.
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