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Reconstruction of palaeo-environmental conditions of a former lake Šúr during the late-glacial and Holocene using macrofossil analysis
Potůčková, Anna ; Žáčková, Pavla (advisor) ; Hájková, Petra (referee)
The Danubian Plain is nothern part of the Pannonian Plain and in terms of palaeobotanical research it is an entirely unexplored area. However, this region is assumed to contain cryptic glacial refugia and migration routes of thermophilous biota northward after the Last Glacial Maximum. The late-glacial and Holocene natural long-term succession and temporal changes in the composition of plant communities of lowland lakes in the Slovakia is unknown. Šúr, a National Nature Reserve is a former lake, presently overgrown by alder carr forest. Successional development since the late-glacial was studied along two profiles. Macrofossil analysis was carried out on lake sediments extending to the Middle Pleniglacial (OIS 3). Using knowledge of the modern ecological requirements of taxa, past environmental conditions were reconstructed. The historical biogeography of selected plant species in Europe during the late- glacial and Holocene is also discussed. During the Middle Pleniglacial Myriophyllum spicatum and Chara sp. grew in the lake. During the late-glacial shallow basin contained a calcareous, meso- to eutrophic lake with Potamogeton filiformis, P. praelongus, Ranunculus subgen. Batrachium etc. During the early Holocene these elements disappeared and thermophilous plants immigrated, such as the...
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Attitude of Smokers and Non-smokers Towards Risks of Passive Smoking
Hniličková, Petra ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Petra Hniličková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, Csc. Title of doctor's thesis: Attitude of smokers and non-smokers towards risks of passive smoking This doctor's thesis deals with problems of passive smoking (second and third hand smoking) and linked knowledges of risks. The tobacco smoke contains large amount of harmful compounds (toxic gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and particulate matters). Nicotine is the only addictive compound. It is responsible for formation of dependence. Active and passive smoking (second and third hand smoking) represent risk for health. Passive smoking is equally harmful for health. Smokers and non-smokers are exposed to passive smoking. The most endangered group of population are especially children (of smokers and non-smokers). There is no safe level of tobacco smoke, the only prevention against risks of smoking is not to smoke and avoid places where smoking is permitted (risks of second and third hand smoke). Experimental part of this thesis is based on questionnaire and analysed smokers' habits, attitude and knowledges linked with passive smoking of smokers and non-smokers.
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Effects of New Qinazoline Derivate on the Respiratory System
Štěpánová, Hana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Štěpánová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of rigorous thesis: Effects of new qinazoline derivate on the respiratory system The diseases of airways are a grave health, social and economic problem. To treatment of asthma is traditionaly used an Asiatic plant Justicia adhatoda, Acathaceae. For therapeutic effects of plant are responsible quinazoline alcaloids vasicine and vasicinone. The aim of this presented work was to determine a bronchodilator potential of derivates of quinazoline alcaloids, VN-027 (4-[3-(piperidine- 1-yl)propyloxy]pyrimidine) and VN-033 (2-[3-(piperidine- 1-yl)propylsulphanyl]quinoxaline). For evaluation theirs relaxing effect on smooth muscle of airway we used a method of isolated rat trachea. After pre-contraction by carbachol (10-5 M) was every sample of smooth muscle of trachea relaxed by growing concentration (10-7 to 10-2 M) of test substances, for maximal relaxing of trachea we used theophylline (10-2 M) in the end of experiment. From grained values we built the DRC curves in programme GraphPad and calculated the values of EC50 (1,115.10-3 for VN-027 and 6,404.10-6 for VN-033). The results were compared with a standard drug of...
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Comparison of the Effect of Substances (VN 008 a VN 014) from the Group of Quinazoline Derivatives on the Model of Isolated Trachea
Pramuková, Zuzana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Zuzana Pramuková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of thesis: Comparison of the effect of substances (VN 008 a VN 014) from the group of quinazoline derivatives on the model of isolated trachea. The aim of this study was to determine the structural relaxation activity of quinazoline variations on the isolated rat's tracheal smooth muscle (in vitro). Synthetic substances VN 008 (N-(2-morfolinoetyl) quinazolin-4-amin) and VN 014 (4 - [3 - (piperidin- 1-yl) propyloxy] quinazoline) are derived from alkaloids obtained from the Justicia Adhatoda shrub (vasicine and vasicinone). The isolated trachea, after a previous contraction of carbachol in a concentration of 10-5M, we studied the cumulative relaxation of single doses of the test compounds VN 008 and VN 014. The results obtained (ED50 values ± SEM [mmol / l]) shows that both the test substances induced relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle. Substance VN 008 is comparable with standard active substance theophylline. Greater effects shows derivative with propyloxy fragment VN 014. Keywords: asthma, Justicia Adhatoda, vasicine, vasicinone, theophylline.
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Health and other risks of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins.
Skřivánková, Kateřina ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Skřivánková Kateřina Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Health and other risks of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins. The thesis is focused on the health risks of halogen aromatic dibenzioxins. In view of the fact that these substances have never been intently produced industrially, the resources of the toxic information are the epidemiological analysis and the laboratory animal studies. The thesis documents the toxicological effects on organisms and the environmental risks of these compounds, especially of the most toxic congener 2,3,7,8 tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin. The thesis is the search work, the data are formed of the summary of the bibliographic notes about this topic.
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The toxicology of polychlorinated biphenyls
Janušová, Radka ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Radka Janušová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. THE TOXICOLOGY OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS This diploma thesis is dealing with the toxicology of polychlorinated biphenyls. There are described their properties, sources, their movement in the environment, toxicokinetics and effects on various organ systems. Together with polychlorinated dibenzorufans and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-oxins belong to persistent organic pollutants that can be characterized by their toxicity and ability to accumulate in the environment. They are synthetic organic aromatic compounds. First time, they were synthetized in 19th century and since 30s of the 20th century have been industrially produced in huge amounts. They have a number of useful physical and chemical properties that allow their wide use and many of these products, which contain PCBs, are still used. In the U.S., their production was already banned in the 70s of 20th century, with us they were produced until 1984. In 2001 was signed the Stockholm convention, that obligates the involved countries to limit the production, use and discharge of these substance into the environment.
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Current possibilities of asthma therapy
Košková, Jana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of farmacology and toxicology Jana Košková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Current possibilities of treatment of asthma The asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory ways, which affects a significant proportion of global population and its prevalence is increasing. Together with inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity and intermittent obstruction of respiratory ways are involved in the iniciation and development of asthma. Asthma is caused not only by the genetic predisposition, but also by the environment and current lifestyle. The repeated states of breathlessness, wheeze on chest, feel of pressure on chest and cough are the typical the clinical symptoms of the clinical picture. These problems occur frequently at night and early in the morning. Classification based on seriousness of clinical status before treatment divides the asthma for intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent and severe persistent. A new approach to the asthma resulted to the changes in pharmacotherapy. The important change was determination of drugs, which will be used to treatment of the acute attacks of asthma and preventive drugs for long-term regular use. Inhalation corticosteroids...
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Purinergic Modulation of NMDA-evoked Release of Noradrenaline from Slices of Rat Brain Cortex
Pelikánová, Tereza ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Farmacology and Toxicology Performed at: the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Candidate: Tereza Pelikánová Supervisors: Maria da Glória Correia da Silva Queiroz, PhD PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Purinergic Modulation of NMDA-evoked Release of Noradrenaline from Slices of Rat Brain Cortex ABSTRACT In the rat brain cortex, noradrenaline (NA) release can be triggered by activation of neurons projecting from locus coeruleus and by locally released glutamate. ATP released from astrocytes may also activate P2 receptors contributing to the modulation of neuron-glia signalling in noradrenergic and glutamatergic transmissions. The P2Y1 receptor subtype has been shown to modulate cortical NMDA receptor channels, but the subtypes of purinergic receptors involved in modulation of NA release in brain cortex remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the purinergic receptors involved in the modulation of NA release evoked by activation of NMDA receptors in rat cerebral cortex. Brain slices were incubated with [3H]-NA, superfused with buffer with 0 Mg2+ and stimulated for two periods (S1 and S2) with 30 μM NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) applied for 2 min, with an interval of 45 min. During...
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