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Experimental paremiology - Italian and French Proverbs in Context
Bezoušková, Petra ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
In every language folk wisdom is found in proverbs. The thesis focuses on French and Italian proverbs, which is a very interesting subject to research. Firstly, I will give a definition of proverbs in both French and Italian grammar. I will also discuss general characteristics and typology of proverbs. Then I will explain the role of proverbs in the text, the morphological, syntactical, and lexical differences between French and Italian proverbs, as well as the possible difficulties of their interpretation. Using a survey, I will show the general ability of interpretation of proverbs and some differences in the perception of French and Italian respondents. The goal of this bachelors' thesis is to provide complex information on the study of proverbs and chart the differences of French and Italian proverbs.
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Evaluative prefixes archi-, super-, hyper-, extra- in present-day French
Šindelářová, Jana ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Duběda, Tomáš (referee)
This work is concerned with using of evaluative prefixes of types archi-, extra-, hyper- and super- in french. The theoretical part concentrates on connecting of these prefixes with different types of words, like nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs. We are concerned above all with adjectives, where these prefixes are used when forming an absolute superlative. Further ways of forming an absolute superlative are specified here for comparison with the use of these prefixes. Furthermore, this work examines the use of these lexemes as single standing words. The practical part targets concrete examples of prefix connections archi-, extra-, hyper-, super- with adjectives used by native speakers. The target is to investigate according to which rule these prefixes are connected with adjectives, which one is the most and the least used and if there is any diference in using these prefixes among men and women. Key words: Morphology, word formation, word composition, prefix, evaluative prefix, prefixoid, suffix, noun, adjective, verb, adverb.
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Systeme of relative pronouns in spoken French
Neudörfl, Martin ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
The relative pronoun system in spoken French represents an aspect of the French language that didn't receive appropriate attention by the scientific community until the second half of the 20th century. The aim of this work is to explore the system of relative clauses and related subordinate strategies in spoken variant of the French language, confronting it with its normative variant, as well as to explain causes of the existence of this diasystemism in French relative subordination. The main part of this work is a research based on testing representative non-normative constructions on internet forums and via a questionnaire. The results illustrate tendencies and the rate of acceptability of non-normative subordinate strategies using complementizer across the French speaking society, and thus contribute to a better understanding of this aspect of the French language.
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Cajun French: mirror of the past, of the present and of the future
Bednárová, Jana ; Vacula, Richard (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis seeks to give an overall image concerning the linguistic situation of Cajun French of Louisiana. This regional variant of French is spoken by a minority group of speakers in this state. Given that the paper was created in the Czech academic community where Cajun French is virtually unknown, it tries to spark more interest in this topic. The first chapter presents the theoretical input to the outlined problem and Czech works dealing with Cajun French. The second chapter shows the basic facts about Louisiana, as well as the key events in its history. It examines the creation of Cajun French and characterizes its specific features. It also includes a mention of Cajun French reference books. The third chapter examines the legal status of the French language in Louisiana. Furthermore, the work sheds light on its French language policy, carried out mainly by a state agency called CODOFIL (the abbreviation comes from Council for the Development of French in Louisiana).The thesis later explains what the adherence to Francophonie would mean for this state. This is followed by an account of the relations entertained with Francophonie. The thesis later outlines the current linguistic situation and describes the possibilities of studying French in Louisiana.The presence of French on signage and in...
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Some aspects of language and ethnic identity of indigenous inhabitants of Provence
Vacula, Richard ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor)
V současné době jsme svědky nebývalého vzestupu zájmu o otázky, související s problematikou národní, resp. etnické či regionální identity. Někteří badatelé v oblasti antropologie hovoří o podzimu národů, analogicky podle jara národů, tj. období prudkého vzrůstu národnostního cítění a emancipačního hnutí menšinových etnik v Evropě 19. století. Český sociolog Jan Keller dává tento současný fenomén do přímé souvislosti s globalizací způsobu života na přelomu 20. a 21. století: Oživené národnostní cítění je formou potvrzení skupinové identity jako reakce na pocit ztráty jedinečnosti ve světě, který se stále více uniformizuje. Tím lze zároveň vysvětlit, proč mají tyto tendence na počátku 21. století daleko větší rozsah- zdaleka se totiž neomezují pouze na Evropua občas i daleko nebezpečnější projevy, než ve století devatenáctém. Oživené národnostní cítění vede dnes nezřídka k nárůstu nezdravého nacionalizmu, který může mít ve svých krajních formách zhoubné následky - příkladem za všechny může sloužit oblast bývalé Federativní socialistické republiky Jugoslávie, kde po léta uměle potlačované národnostní problémy vedly ke zničujícímu válečnému konfliktu. Zneklidňující je však i nárůst obliby nacionálně, resp. nacionalisticky orientovaných politických stran v zemích o zdánlivě stabilním demokratickém systému, jako...
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Position of adjectives in Spanish and French - developmental trends
Řezníčková, Nikola ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
The Abstract The name of the dissertation: The position of adjectives in Spanish and French - increasing tendency The keywords: adjective, Spanish, French, a position of adjectives, anteposition, postposition, increasing tendency. The dissertation named The position of adjectives in Spanish and French French - increasing tendency deals with issues of position of adjectives in French and Spanish language. The main topic of this dissertation is tendency to anteposition for these two languages. It's split to several parts which are separated by themes. At the beginning, we are focusing on adjectives in general and to its basic properties as a part of speech. After, we will get to know an adjective from semantic and syntactic aspect, which is underlying exactly for the position of adjective. In the end of the theoretical part we will also focus on increasing tendency in this area. The practical part will be about corpus and questionnaire research which is intended for native speakers. The aim of this dissertation is confirm or disprove a hypothesis of common tendency to anteposition for French and Spanish adjectives.
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Politeness Strategies in French and Czech Requests
Paulů, Aneta ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
The subject of this thesis consists in comparing means of request expression in French and Czech language in pursuit of scaling them by their politeness level, taking into account the socio-pragmatic environment of both languages. Apart from that, a syntactic realisation of request is analysed in both languages as well as morphological, lexical and stylistic instruments that either increase or decrease the degree of politeness and the effect of performed request. Attention is primarily focused on indirect requests in both French and Czech in order to identify an appropriate translation equivalent expressing the same degree of politeness. The fundamental source for the contrastive analysis lies in InterCorp parallel corpus data. This research is further extended with survey that verifies the previous findings.
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Corpus analysis of French compound infinitive forms
Opletalová, Kateřina ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
(in English): The aim of this thesis is to describe the functioning of French compound infinitive in comparison with its simple form. Using language corpora, we will cover several textual types - journalism (corpus L'Est Républicain and a part of InterCorp corpus), fiction (corpus InterCorp), but we will also utilize typologically various texts from the Internet (corpus frWac) and a corpus of film subtitles. The theoretical part will describe the infinitives forms in terms of terminology, morphology, and syntax. The empirical part will be dedicated to mapping out the contexts in which the compound infinitive occurs and also to analyzing different factors that affect its aspectual and temporal interpretation. In conclusion, there is a summary as well as possible issues for further research dealing with this topic.
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The expression of epistemic modality in French
Jochcová, Magdaléna ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of the epistemic modality of selected French adverbs in -ment. After a theoretical introduction of basic terms and characterizations of the epistemic modality and the principal means of its expression, it focuses on the very epistemic adverbs. At first, for the purpose of the following research, we specify the syntactically and semantically homogenous group of epistemic adverbs in -ment, defining it by dictionaries and constituent works. Afterwards, this group is analyzed quantitatively - on the French corpora Frantext, L'Est républicain and frWac - as well as qualitatively - on the parallel corpus InterCorp - with an emphasis on the post-verbal position of the adverb in the sentence, on the certainty degree and the Czech translation equivalents. The final part of the study is constituted by a reversed analysis of acquired Czech equivalents. Key words: French, epistemic modality, modal specificators, modal adverb, corpus linguistics.
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Neology in contemporary French
Mizeráková, Michaela ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
This master thesis is dealing with the preference of certain categorical structures (VN compounds, nominal syntagmas N de N, N à N and their English equivalent) to denotate a new referent. Its aim is to describe current trends of denominative instrumental neology. The thesis is dividend into two parts: teoretical and practical. Theoretical part provides a brief characteristics of the concerned fields: neology, neologism, compounding, nominal syntagmas and productivity. Practical part includes survey and compares its results with corpus analyses and data obtained from Google browser.
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