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The Influence of Autism on the Siblings of Children with Autism
Schöffelová, Miroslava ; Strnadová, Iva (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
This work deals with the families of children with disorders of the autistic spectrum, focusing on their siblings. The fírst part outlines the theoretical data concerning this issue. This part principally focuses on the issue of the families of children with autism, how it affects them, and the diffículties that can arise when there is a child with autism in a family. Another topič examined is the presence of other children in the family and the effect a sibling with autism has on them, including the professional or non-professional means of assisting these children or of overcoming any diffículties. The research part presents the results of the investigations. In order to achieve the aims of this thesis the author has used a combination of a quantative and qualitative approach - specifícally interviews with siblings, questionnaire surveys and monitoring. The families involved in the research are first briefly presented, followed the opinions of parents on the theme of the other children in the family, sibling relationships and the associated worries and desires. The main part focuses on a description of the most important aspects affecting the siblings of a child with autism. The finál part then describes the currently available means of helping the siblings of children with autism in the Czech Republic
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Educational and Employment Opportunities for Adolescents and Adults with Mental Disabilities
Kubištová, Tereza ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
I dedicated my diploma work called "Perspectives in education and employment of mental disabled people" to rising interest of the whole society in the rights of not only mental disabled people, which is demonstrating in the Czech legislature as well. I come out from international documents about rights of disabled people, some of them were accepted by the Czech Republic. I also mention the main laws about education and employment of disabled people. The text is complemented with three interviews with people involved in this topic and my own experience of personal assistant in supported employment. The main objective of my diploma work is to point out the importace of rights of disabled people, their advancing and applying in common life to let each individual live a good quality and meaningful life at the background of the wider community.
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Gene expression pattern in the adult brain of the experimental rat after prenatal exposure to methamphetamine
Tomášková, Anežka ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Rudá, Jana (referee)
Introduction: Methamphetamine is a drug frequently taken by drug-addicted pregnant women and happens to be one of the most commonly used drugs in the Czech Republic. This drug passes easily through a placental barrier into the fetus. Thus it can negatively affect not only the mother but also the prenatal development of her offspring. Objectives: This research aims to provide a general screening of gene expression in selected regions of the F1 generation of the brain prenatally affected by methamphetamine, to verify whether exposure to methamphetamine affects the generation of offspring of exposed females at the level of gene expression in selected regions of the brain, and to valuate possible changes in gene expression. Methods: In selected parts of the brain, collected from a rat, the microarray hybridization and the real-time PCR were set to evaluate express changes in the expression of selected genes. Results: Statistical analysis of the microarray hybridization did not show a significantly altered gene expression in the tested genes. Only boundary values for 13 genes were measured, which were further tested by the real-time PCR. After a statistic evaluation of the real-time PCR, the significantly altered expression was found in 2 genes. The notably changed expression of DRD3 and TACR3 genes...
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Significance of prolactin as peripheral cytokine in dysbalance of immune system
Janatová, Kateřina ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
Background: Interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune system play an importatnt role in maintaining homeostasis. This communication is mediated by cytokines, neurotransmiters and hormones through endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signaling. Prolactin (PRL), hormone of anterior pituitary, is produced by a number of other tissues and cells of immune system. On periphery, PRL is cytokine. Sepsis is an inflamatory response of the organism to severe infection, Th1 immune response is activated and PRL could participate in it. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a key role in a recognition of bacteial components and mediate a systemic response (with PRL secretion) during infection. It is supposed that activated immune system leads to increasing of PRL, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression. We detected PRL, TLR2 a TLR4 mRNA levels in monocytes from patiens with system inflammation. We studied influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP -1149 G/T) in PRL gene promotor, it supposed that G allele increases PRL expression. Materials and Methods: For the pilot study 30 patients diagnose with severe infectious event. Collectoin of patiens blood samples was performed consequently three times. Control group comprised 40 healthy individuals. One blood sample was taken from each healthy subject. For testing of...
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Gene expression of specific parts of CNS in a rat model for transgenerational transmission of drug addiction.
Radilová, Kateřina ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Rothová, Olga (referee)
Methamphetamine (MA) is a drug often abused by drug-addicted women and also is the mostly used drug in the Czech Republic. This drug crosses the placental and hematoencephalic barriers easily and therefore it can negatively affect not just mother herself, but also the development of the fetus. Even though there have been several published studies evincive negative effects of MA to posterity of drug-addicted mothers, the most critical term during pregnancy for the fetus remains unknown. In this study are examined CNS structures, which are directly influenced by methamphetamine action. Their function may lead to drug addiction through pleasurable feelings, such as reward feeling evoking. In the next chapter are analysed neurotransmitters and their transporters, which are related to methamphetamine effects. Studying their structure, localization or development during life may help to bring near the drug functioning in different life periods. Methamphetamine itself and its effects are closer described in the last part of this study. The problem of methamphetamine exposed fetus is outlined there - prenatal and postnatal so far known differences, but also sex differences in methamphetamine pharma- cokinetics.
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Prolactin and circulating monocytes - their significance and function in pathogenesis T1DM. Study in vitro
Bencúrová, Dominika ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by an absolute deficiency of the insulin-producing beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Among mechanisms that lead to pathogenesis of T1DM, innate immunity including key cells monocytes are involved. Based on expression of CD14 and CD16 surface markers, monocytes are classified into three subtypes with different functions. In addition to other markers, monocytes express on their surface prolactin receptor (PRLR) and toll-like receptors (TLR), which induce inflammatory responses, and produce extrapituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) that affects immune response. The aim of thesis was to study an effect of exogenous prolactin on the immune responses of monocytes and to try to detect its possible role in the pathogenesis of T1DM. Material and Methods: In vitro cultivation and stimulation of monocytes derived from 10 patients with T1DM and 10 healthy controls. As stimulating agents were used PRL and/or lipopolysacharide (LPS). For determination of mRNA levels of the studied cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, FOS, IRF-1), total RNA isolated from monocytes acquired by immunomagnetic separation has been quantified by using Real Time PCR. The expression of surface markers (CD14, CD16, PRLR) was detected by flow cytometry. For detection of...
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Comprehensive care for children with multiple disabilities (combination of mental and physical disabilities)
Zikl, Pavel ; Titzl, Boris (advisor) ; Stejskal, Bohumil (referee) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
The main topic of my work is comprehensive care for children with multiple disabilities (combination of mental and physical disabilities). The theoreticmethodical part is aimed at used terminology, estimated number of such pupils in our schools and at comprehensive care/rehabilitation. Main stress is put on medical rehabilitation and the possibility of using it at schools (methods of medical rehabilitation used at schools, positioning). In the second part results of research work connected with education and comprehensive care for children with mental and multiple disabilities are presented. They are two separate pieces of research connected together with different methodology used in each of them. The first one is a quantitative research (description and analysis of education of pupils with mental and multiple disabilities integrated in common schools). The second one is a qualitative research (analysis and comparison of education of children with multiple disabilities in special and common schools). The summary and a discussion are at the end of the work.
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