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Corporate social responsibility: The case of extractive and energy multinationals in sites of contested governance
Couchellou, Alexis ; Berg, Julie (vedoucí práce) ; Biagini, Erika (oponent)
[Corporate Social Responsibility: The case of extractive and energy multinationals in sites of contested governance] [July 2021] [2486710C] [19108419] [99409106] Presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Word Count: 21,869 (Total: 23,905) Supervisor: Dr. Julie Berg Date of Submission: 25th , July 2021 Abstract Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept that has been constantly evolving since the 1950s. The notion of CSR has been the subject of various and varied studies allowing for new approaches and definitions. The concept appeared late in the literature related to the extractive industry. This emergence of the term has allowed the development of CSR policies by multinational companies operating in the extractive industry. This paper provides a lexicometric analysis of Total Energies' 2018 CSR report. This approach allowed us to demonstrate that the French Group, through its CSR reports, attempts to legitimise its actions and projects. These results allowed us to propose recommendations focused on a new approach to stakeholders.
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The role of cyber operations in Iran's policy toward the United States: A qualitative perspective
Monsen, Ingunn Helene Landsend ; Kučera, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Biagini, Erika (oponent)
This study examines the role and utility of low-severity cyber operations in one state's policy toward another within the context of a long-term hostile feud. This study has fulfilled this task through an explanatory qualitative analysis with cyber operations as an embedded unit of study. The subject of research is the policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran toward the United States in the time spanning from the historic agreement of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Nuclear Deal, in July 2015 through 2020. The role of the cyber operations in Iran's policy is examined by juxtaposing the pattern of escalations and de- escalations occurring in the context, and in the political and military domains conducted by the Islamic Republic with their deployment of cyber operations. Through this pattern matching, this study identified a visible relative restraint in the cyber domain during the first years following the conclusion of the JCPOA, as the Islamic Republic had obtained its top strategic goal, defined as eliminating all sanctions burdening its economy. Iran's cyber operations towards the United States re-emerged when Washington exited the Nuclear Deal in 2018 and began re-instating sanctions, and the operations were intensified when Tehran began steadily escalating in...
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Gender and the state: Gender construction and response to gender-based violence in the Post-Soviet Kyrgyz Republic
Ubysheva, Zulaika ; Biagini, Erika (vedoucí práce) ; Cheskin, Ammon (oponent)
Despite Kyrgyzstan's adoption of legislations to promote gender equality, the country remains an unsafe place for women, who are subjected to severe forms of gender based violence and discrimination. Recently, gender based violence propelled women to mobilise in greater numbers to demand better rights and greater equality. In most instances, however, their mobilization was met with further backlash from patriarchal forces and the same state. This research presents a gendered analysis of post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, with the goal to assess how the state has incorporated gender in its nation-building process since independence in 1991 until 2020. It seeks to evaluate Kyrgyzstan's efforts to achieve gender equality and address the issue of violence against women. In doing so, the research highlights the gaps and inconsistencies in the state's manifestation and practice of its gender policies. The research demonstrates that Kyrgyzstan has one of the most advanced gender policies in the Central Asian region. However, gender inequality persists in the form of traditional gender norms, the normalization of violence against women, and customary practices embedded in the structures of the society and manifested by the state through the 'tradition and culture' and 'nation-building' narrative. As a result, the...
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Assessing coercion in liberal peacebuilding: The EU peacebuilding attempts in Palestine
van Heeswijk, Emma ; Biagini, Erika (vedoucí práce) ; Hardman, Helen (oponent)
2 Abstract Thi di er a ion e plore he e of coercion in he EU liberal peaceb ilding frame ork in Palestine. Palestine has a long- anding hi or of foreign ac or in ol emen . Since he 1993 O lo Accord , he EU peaceb ilding role a one of Pale ine main financial donors has increased. There is scholarly disagreement and a lack of understanding on the role of coercion in peacebuilding practices. While scholars argue that coercion is a core element for human organisations, others do not recognise the negative impact of coercion in peacebuilding when this does not entail the use of force. Furthermore, the peacebuilding scholarship offers little to no conceptualisation of coercion. Therefore, this dissertation explores how coercion manifests in peacebuilding practices, looking at the case of the EU liberal peacebuilding activities in Palestine. In doing so, the research emphasises on how local Palestinian recipients perceive coercion. The current liberal approach of the EU is built upon the economic dependency of Palestinians, which essentially constitutes a coercive structure. The asymmetric power relations between different actors in the region allows space for the contestation of coercion. This dissertation argues that coercion in this context goes beyond its traditional understanding, and therefore requires...
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