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Circular economy using analysis of separated municipal waste
Plánková, Tereza ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Nevrlý, Vlastimír (advisor)
The bachelor thesis analyses the current state of waste management and presents legislation and changes in waste treatment. The ban on landfilling of usable waste from 2024 and the set recycling targets are the main reasons for analysing the production of the separated components. The thesis deals with revealing potential for increasing the material, or energy, recovery of waste. As a key waste stream, biodegradable waste has been identified due to its rapidly growing production for the future. Modelling of production dependence for territorial units was performed using statistical methods in STATISTICA software based on socio-economic factors. The resulting model for production determination was obtained by multidimensional regression analysis. Applying the model to individual waste producers will allow efficient planning of support assets from an economic and infrastructure point of view.
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Municipal Waste Production Analysis
Švarc, Vít ; Nevrlý, Vlastimír (referee) ; Kropáč, Jiří (advisor)
Thesis analyses the current state of waste management of Czech Republic and the issue of production of various kinds of waste. Real data about production and composition of waste flows of Jihlava have been used. In addition, thesis evaluates the impact of local conditions on production of isolated constituents of municipal waste within the town. Influences such as density of population, housing development or form of heating have been monitored. A method on the town level for estimation and evaluation of production of municipal waste is designed in the thesis. Tools such as descriptive statistics, correlative analysis or association rules are used.
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Material properties of lithium fluoride for predicting XUV laser ablation rate and threshold fluence
Blejchař, T. ; Nevrlý, V. ; Vašinek, M. ; Dostál, Michal ; Pečínka, L. ; Dlabka, J. ; Stachoň, M. ; Juha, Libor ; Bitala, P. ; Zelinger, Zdeněk ; Pira, P. ; Wild, J.
This paper deals with prediction of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) laser ablation of lithium fluoride at nanosecond timescales. Material properties of lithium fluoride were determined based on bibliographic survey. These data are necessary for theoretical estimation of surface removal rate in relevance to XUV laser desorption/ablation process. Parameters of XUV radiation pulses generated by the Prague capillary-discharge laser (CDL) desktop system were assumed in this context. Prediction of ablation curve and threshold laser fluence for lithium fluoride was performed employing XUV-ABLATOR code. Quasi-random sampling approach was used for evaluating its predictive capabilities in the means of variance and stability of model outputs in expected range of uncertainties. These results were compared to experimental data observed previously.
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Hydroxyl radical measurement in atmospheric pressure dimethyl ether-air laminar premixed flat flame using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Nevrlý, V. ; Dostál, Michal ; Bitala, P. ; Zelinger, Zdeněk ; Suchánek, Jan ; Válek, V. ; Klečka, V. ; Kubát, Pavel ; Engst, Pavel ; Vašinek, M. ; Wild, J.
Spectroscopic detection of hydroxyl (OH) radical and determination of its concentration in flames have an elusive history and considerable influence on combustion research. Electronic transitions in ultraviolet spectral region were extensively studied in this context and until recent time chemiluminescence or laser induced fluorescence of excited hydroxyl (OH*) radical is broadly used for absolute concentration and temperature measurement in flames.\nHowever, number densities of molecular species and population of relevant quantum levels in ground electronic state can be directly estimated from intensities of absorption lines observed by probing rovibrational transitions in infrared spectral region. Application of near-infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (NIR-TDLAS) for the given purpose was demonstrated in an earlier work of Aizawa et al. [1]. Following his pioneering studies summarized in [2], we further explored feasibility of NIR-TDLAS (especially 2f-WMS technique) for monitoring minor species within combustion experiments particularly when dealing with dimethyl ether (DME) flames. Here we report our first results of NIR-TDLAS measurements focused on hydroxyl radical detection in laminar premixed flame burning DME-air mixture under fuel-lean conditions.
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High resolution infrared spectroscopy as diagnostic tool for combustion and plasma chemistry
Zelinger, Zdeněk ; Nevrlý, Václav ; Grigorová, Eva ; Bitala, P. ; Dostál, Michal ; Suchánek, Jan ; Kubát, Pavel ; Engst, Pavel ; Ferus, Martin ; Kubelík, Petr ; Civiš, Svatopluk
Monitoring of transient species within combustion experiments (laminar flames, shock-tubes, flow reactors, etc.) is still relatively challenging task especially if application of non-invasive, i.e. optical detection methods is required. High resolution infrared spectroscopy is based on observation of the fine rotation structure that accompanies vibration transitions and thus provides direct information essential to characterization of both molecular structure and reaction dynamics. Thanks to its outstanding advantage enabling unambiguous assignment of specific molecular system according to its spectral feature, it can serve as a helpful tool for exploring complex reaction mechanisms as well as chemical reactivity of individual species present in laboratory flames or plasmas.\nPrevious studies gaining new insights into combustion and plasma chemistry as well as our recent advances targeted towards application of high resolution infrared spectroscopy for species concentration measurement in laminar flames are summarized here below.
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Wavelength modulation spectroscopy for multicomponent ana-lytics of biomass burning tracers
Dostál, Michal ; Válek, V. ; Suchánek, Jan ; Kristlová, E. ; Roupcová, P. ; Zelinger, Zdeněk ; Nevrlý, Václav ; Bitala, P. ; Vašinek, M. ; Kubát, Pavel ; Ferus, Martin ; Civiš, Svatopluk
The potential of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) for monitoring of several species produced by biomass burning is in focus of this work. The infrared spectra of selected molecules (HCOOH, C2H2, CH3CN, N2O, CH3OH, CH3COCH3) are measured in laboratory conditions and the selectivity and of this method is demonstrated.
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Models and methods for routing problems
Nevrlý, Vlastimír ; Žák, Libor (referee) ; Popela, Pavel (advisor)
This master's thesis deals with mathematical model building for routing problems and ways to solve them. There are discussed and implemented deterministic and heuristic approaches that are suitable to be utilized. A big effort is put into building of the mathematical model describing a real world problem from the field of waste management. Appropriate algorithms are developed and modified to solve a particular problem effectively. An original graphical environment is created to illustrate acquired results and perform testing computations.
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Mathematical models in logistics
Nevrlý, Vlastimír ; Holešovský, Jan (referee) ; Popela, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to model and generate test transportation networks, which are similar to real-world waste management networks. Several software tools (Mathematica, GAMS, Excel, VBA) are used to develop suitable procedures. The next task is to analyze dependence of computational complexity on the size of network by using statistical test computations. The existing original optimization model called NERUDA that supports decision-making in the eld of waste management is utilized. The obtained results are processed, analysed and interpreted in detail.
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Gas photoacoustic detection and its possible application in monitoring of foundry technologies
Herecová, L. ; Nevrlý, Václav ; Zelinger, Zdeněk ; Střižík, Michal ; Kozubková, M. ; Danihelka, P.
To improve occupational health & safety as well as process quality control, many foundry enterprises can be interested in application of new and effective techniques of gas monitoring due to a lot gaseous secondary compounds produced within such processes, e.g. during thermal degradation of organic binders in casting process. Generally, gas monitoring can just be performed as effective as possible when a sufficiently universal, sensitive and selective method of a broad dynamic range is available. The CO2-laser photoacoustic detection technique can represent such a monitoring tool, useful also for foundry industrial technologies. Its basic principles, description of instrumentation and possible applications in foundry technologies are discussed in our contribution.
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