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Diagnostics of type II diabetes mellitus
Hazuková, Niké ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Our bachelor thesis is focused on problematic issues of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. This kind of disease is increasing in today's population, with the presence of increasing obesity, it greatly affects patient with diabetes disease. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is contributed to the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. We also describe the acute complications of the disease (e.g. hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar coma, hypoglycaemia) and then consecutive complications (e.g. diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy). The thesis is also focused on diagnostic laboratory methods of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (determines e.g. venous plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, C-peptide), which are essential factors for early detection of metabolism disorders of sugars and fats and which could be potential indicators for the development of diabetes mellitus and could provide early dietary and therapeutic treatment.
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Study of membrane endoglin expression in cardiovascular system I
Večerková, Pavla ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Večerková Pavla Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: Study of membrane endoglin expression in cardiovascular system I Background: We observed changes in the expression of endoglin in aorta and in soluble endoglin levels in blood in the apoE⁻/⁻/LDLr⁻/⁻ deficient two-month and eight-month old mice of C57BL/6J strain after administration of chow diet. Methods: We used the group of two-month and eight-month old apoE⁻/⁻/LDLr⁻/⁻ deficient mice of C57BL/6J strain, which were fed by standard chow diet. We performed immunohistochemical staining of aortic cuts of these mice and through ELISA analysis we were determined blood levels of soluble endoglin. Results: Endoglin expression was clearly visible on aortic endothelium with advanced atherosclerotic plaques. However, we did not observe significant differences in the staining pattern and intensity of the staining between two- month and eight-month old group of mice. Surprisingly, in both groups of mice we also found aortas without atherosclerotic changes. We did not observe significant changes in blood levels of soluble endoglin between two-month and eight-month old group of mice. Conclusions: The...
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The Effects of Statins on TGF-ß1 Signaling in Vivo and in Vitro
Zemánková, Lenka ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate Mgr. Lenka Zemánková Supervisor Doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis The effects of statins on TGF-β1 signaling in vivo and in vitro. This doctoral dissertation summarizes the effects of statins and inflammation on TGF-β1 signaling both in vivo and in vitro, especially the role of endoglin in the endothelial cells. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional factor that regulates various cell specific functions in atherogenesis. Endoglin (TGF-βRIII, CD105) is known as accessory TGF β receptor, and it is able to modulate activity of TGF-β1 and TGF-β receptors. Previous studies demonstrated relation between endoglin and eNOS expression in blood vessels suggesting crucial role of endoglin in endothelial cell functions. Our in vivo experimental studies, were focused on the expressions of TGF-β family members, on endoglin expression in aorta and its blood serum levels. We wanted to evaluate, whether these proteins are affected by cholesterol levels or atorvastatin treatment in different types of diet in mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the expression of endoglin in intact endothelium and in endothelium covering...
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The effect of nicotinic acid on the expression of eNOS in atherosclerotic lesions in brachiocephalic
Svobodová, Olga ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Zemánková, Lenka (referee)
2 Abstract Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of: Department of Biological and Medicinal Sciences Consultant: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Student: Olga Svobodová Title of Thesis: The effect of nicotinic acid on the expression of eNOS in atherosclerotic lesions in brachiocephalic artery Background: The aim of this diploma thesis was to set methods for the detection of eNOS in brachiocephalic artery in mice fed by LCHP diet and LCHP diet containing nicotinic acid. Methods: We used apoE/LDLR-deficient mice divided into two groups. The first group (control group) was fed by LCHP diet and the second group was fed by LCHP + nicotinic acid. Mice were fed this diet for four weeks. We performed a biochemical analysis of blood by measuring levels of total cholesterol in mice, and immunohistochemical detection of eNOS in both groups (LCHP and LCHP + nicotinic acid) in 96 slides. Detection of expression of eNOS was performed by avidin-biotin method (ABC) with visualization by diaminobenzidin (DAB). Results: Biochemical analysis did not show significant changes in total cholesterol in mice treated with LCHP + nicotinic acid in comparison with control mice. Expression of eNOS was observed in all mice. Conclusions: Immunohistochemical and stereological analysis showed no...
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Spirulina platensis effects in experimental atherogenesis
Dudová, Adriana ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Spirulina platensis effects in experimental atherogenesis Rigous thesis Mgr. Adriana Dudová Consultant of rigous thesis: PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalga belonging to the cyanobacteria family. Microalga is a large source of proteins and good fatty acid and other nutritional elements, for example calcium, iron, chromium, lithium, selenium. It also contains natural dyes chlorophyll and phycocyanin. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory were described. Background: In this rigous thesis, was to determine potencial anti-inflammatory effects of Spirulina platensis in apoE-deficient mice. Methods: In this study were used ApoE knockout mice. ApoE-deficient mice were fed a standard diet for ten weeks. Mice were randomly divided in to two groups. One group (n=8) wasfed a diet containing 1% cholesterol (control group). The other group (Spirulina group) received the same atherogenic diet only enriched with Spirulina platensis at the dosage of 40 mg per day on the mouse. The biochemical analysis of total cholesterol of blood sample was performed and expression of macrophages in atherosklerotic lesion was determined by imunohistochemical and stereological...
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Endothelial dysfunction markers and soluble endoglin
Pešlová, Lenka ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Consultant: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, PhD. Student: Lenka Pešlová Title of Thesis: Endothelial dysfunction markers and soluble endoglin Background: To analyze possible changes in histological structure in myocardium of mice with low or high levels of soluble endoglin. We focused on description of general histology, observation of ligament changes and possible development of inflammatory reactions using immunohistochemical analysis. Method: In the study we used genetically modified female mice, strain CBAxC57BL/6J, with low or high levels of soluble endoglin (Sol-Eng+). Six-month- old female mice were fed for three months using a high fat rodent diet containing 1,25% of cholesterol and 40% of fat. Then their myocardia were resected. For identification of endoglin expression we used immunohistochemical analysis called En Vision-CD3-T-lymfocyty (rabbit anti mouse). In histological analysis we used hematoxylin-eosin and green trichrome staining. Results: Histological analysis did not reveal any pathological accumulation of collagen in any of animal myocardium we focused on. There were any changes in staining neither of nuclei or cytoplasm, nor any infiltration of leucocytes....
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The effect of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) analogues on rat hepatocytes in vitro
Krejčíková, Veronika ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Doleželová, Eva (referee)
Bc. Veronika Krejčíková The effect of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) analogues on rat hepatocytes in vitro. Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Specialist in Laboratory Methods Background: We observed the effect of liraglutide (LIRA; a GLP-1 analogue) on rat non-steatotic (ST-1) and steatotic (HF) rat hepatocytes in vitro. We also monitored its potential hepatoprotective effect on the cells damaged by acetaminophen (APAP). Methods: As a model for our experiments we used the primary cultures of rat hepatocytes isolated from the liver of male Wistar rats. For isolation of lean and fatty hepatocytes, we used rats fed by standard laboratory diet (10% energy from fat) and high fat diet (71% energy from fat) for 6 weeks. Hepatocytes were isolated by two-step collagenase perfusion. We used LIRA at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 nmol/l on intact, ST-1 and HF hepatocytes; we also tested effect of LIRA on hepatocytes after exposure to 2.5; 3.75 and 5 mM APAP. After 24/20-hours incubation, we tested the activity of lactatdehydrogenase (LDH) in culture medium, the viability of hepatocytes, production of albumin, and level of MDA and ROS production. Morphological evaluation of cells was performed by using phase microscopy. Results: LIRA at tested concentrations...
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Analgesic effects on the fetus development
Velecká, Michaela ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Michaela Velecká Analgesic effects on the fetus development Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Background: The thesis deals with the problems of drug use in cases of inflammatory diseases, hyperthermia and pains of different kind during the pregnancy and the effects of analgesics on fetal development. The aim of this study was to develop a set of expertise and current knowledge in this area and provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the using of analgesics-antipyretics, non-steroidal analgesics and opioid analgesics, indications for which they are designed, and the causal connection with the disturbances arising in embryo-fetal period of life. Main findings: During pregnancy use pain medication about 50 % of pregnant women in Europe and the USA. Most analgesics may have negative effects on fetal development. Methodology of thesis is based on the study and analysis of the current literature and foreign sources that monitor the reporting of suspected adverse effects of analgesics used during pregnancy and evaluate the results of studies that investigate these reports. In most cases, the results of these studies are controversial and conclusions inconclusive, on the basis of these studies cannot determine with certainty the level of risk of...
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Study of VCAM-1 and endoglin in experimental atherogenesis
Kousalová, Barbora ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences The study of VCAM-1 and endoglin expression in experimental atherogenesis Diploma thesis Barbora Kousalová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Background: We studied the expression of VCAM-1 in brachiocephalic artery of mouse model of atherosclerosis using immunohistochemical methods and we compared this expression with expression of endoglin. The target was to suggest their different task in atherogenesis. Methods: ApoE/ LDLR-/- female mice at the age of 16-18 weeks were used as experimental model. All mice were fed by standard diet for 16-18 weeks. Afterwards, they were divided into two groups which included six animals both. First (control) group was fed standard diet and second group was fed by low carbohydrate high protein (LCHP) diet for 8 weeks. It was followed by biochemical analysis of blood and immunohistochemical analysis, 30 tissue sections of arteria brachiocephalica were used for it (5 tissue sections from each mouse). Results: Biochemical analysis showed significant increase in cholesterol levels of mice, fed by LCHP diet, compared with the control group. Expression of VCAM-1 in arteria brachiocephalica was detected in endothelium outside the plaque, in tunica...
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Effect of sunitinib on the expression of iNOS in normotensive and hypertensive rats
Mertlíková, Veronika ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Veronika Mertlíková Consultant: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Effect of sunitinib on the expression of iNOS in normotensive and hypertensive rats. The aim of the thesis is to describe the expression of iNOS in the vessel wall of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats after long-term administration of cytostatic sunitinib. As an experimental model inbred males of SHR rats and normotensive WKY rats were used. They were divided into 2 groups - experimental and control. Sunitinib in drinking water (10mg/ kg per day) was administered to experimental group of rats while the control group of rats recieved only drinking water. In the experimental group of SHR rats, sunitinib was administered for 8 weeks and then after 5 days break it was administered for next 8 weeks. In the experimental group of WKY rats, sunitinib was administered for 8 weeks and then after 5 days break it was administered for only 2 weeks due to weight loss and toxicity symptoms. Immunohistochemical methods were used for detection of iNOS expression, specifically the ABC method. No significant differences of iNOS expression in the...
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