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Samaria ostraca, their function and relation to the Old Testament
Šebestová, Veronika ; Melmuk, Petr (advisor) ; Beneš, Jiří (referee)
The main goal of this thesis is to present Samaria Ostraca - an important archeological discovery made in the beginning of 20th century, which offers an insight into the administrative system of north Israel. Thesis briefly introduces history of north Israel since the reign of Omri until the fall of the capital Samaria in 722 BC. There is also complementary information regarding politics of surrounding countries, which had influence on the course of events in Israel. Following is description of history of Samaria and it also contains a brief chapter regarding excavations that took place in the former capital of Israel. It is in this chapter, where the discovery of ostraca is mentioned. The thesis then mainly focuses on the ostraca themselves. Thesis searches for the time of creation of ostraca and their purpose using clues, given by ostraca themselves in combination with information we can find for example in the Bible, on stelas, in administrative records from Assyria or in archeological discoveries. Thesis contains many links to the Bible and it attempts to find potential relations between the information found in the Bible and on the ostraca.
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Religious and socialcultural view on Omri dynasty
Roček, Daniel ; Melmuk, Petr (advisor) ; Beneš, Jiří (referee)
The Bachelor thesis discusses the Omrides in time of Old Testament's Israel. It analyzes religious, social and cultural aspects. It is a dynasty that ruled in the 9th century BC. The main objective of the thesis is to give a holistic view on the Omrides through three main sources - biblical interpretation, contemporary monuments and scientific works, which are used for better understanding of ancient Israel. The author of the thesis used biblical sources - Books of Kings, partly also the 2nd Book of Chronicles. The author introduces the reader with some historic events, with the kings of the House of Omri and also with motives of their acts and manners. These are presented with the biblical interpretation differently than the works of current historians predicate. They are accompanied with the description of important monuments. The description of surrounding nations that come into warlike, diplomatic or business contact with Israel under the rule of the Omrides is also included. The important role is attributed to the Queen of Jezabel who as an exponent of different traditions and cultural standards influenced Israel for many years. As a counterbalance to the biblical texts and contemporary monuments the archeological researches and scientific works of prominent historians dealing with biblical...
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Warfare in the Old Testament
Tancmanová, Soňa ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Melmuk, Petr (referee)
The core tasks of the diploma thesis were to familiarize the reader with the biblical themes as biblical wars from historical and cultural perspective, clarify the issue of the divine struggles and embedding in cultural and ethical context. Good News of the Bible was confronted with non biblical written sources, mostly written records of Moabities, Assyrians, Egyptians, Sumerians and people of Ugarit. The diploma thesis was focused primarily on the period of the Kingdom of Israel. Also were discussed the battles of Israelis before entering the Land of Canaan and the split the Kingdom of Israel. Primarily it has been worked with the Deuteronomy corpus that is characteristic by its synchronic and diachronic approach. The reader was made familiar with the issue of divine wars and the extermination of cursed cities. The herald function of Deuteronomy corpus and the possible nonrealistic information sources were also clarified. The author is inclined to the opinion Sa-Moon Kang and consideres holy wars to the end of the Kingdom period. With the emergence of secular government and deviation from the Lord for rulers was the priority to resolve property disputes. The only exception between wars of power was the assistance of the prophet Elisha which suddenly turned the fight into Godʼs battle. The elements...
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The biblical and extra-biblical view on the Exodus
Bíca, Josef ; Melmuk, Petr (advisor) ; Vymětalová Hrabáková, Eva (referee)
It can be said that the whole issue of exodus looks at the thing like this: It is not excluded that such events occurred, when a wave of Hebrews were looking for a better life ( and some of them were streaming from Egypt ). Miraculous signs and symbols, epidemics and wounds, death and the spectacular deliverance- as they are filed in the biblical messages- nothing of the sort happened exactly.
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Jewish settlement in the region of Kožlany. Epigraphic catalogue of the Jewish cemetery in Kožlany
Vladařová, Petra ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Melmuk, Petr (referee)
The main subject of the thesis was to create epigraphic catalogue of th e Jewish cemetery in Kožlany, as one of the basis to the further knowledge of the Jewish settlement of studied region. The first part is devoted to methodological approaches and solutions of the documentation process of Jewish epigraphic heritage on which the terrain research and the subsequent evaluation has been carried out. The second part provides a summary of documentation and the third part presents evaluation of the data obtained, which is based on the epigraphic catalogue. The final part of the thes is is devoted to the history of selected Jewish families, whose members were buried at the cemetery in Kožlany.
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