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Gestational diabetes mellitus and its effect on women diet after childbirth.
Kadečková, Klára ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
Women treated during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus have 40-60% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease later in life. Development prevention of these diseases is rational diet with reduced carbohydrates intake, weight reduc- tion and regular exercise. Women with history of gestational diabetes should be still moni- tored regularly after childbirth. My bachelor thesis looks into diet of women after childbirth, who were monitored with ges- tational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and its effect on development of type 2 diabetes. The goal of thesis is to evaluate influence of the diet during gestational diabetes on diet after childbirth. Evaluation will be based on questionnaire survey with respondents from two groups. First group is made up of women attending appointments in collection center of Gen- eral University Hospital in Prague for oral glucose tolerance test. Second group are women who came for checkup to diabetologist in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital just few days after childbirth. Survey results will be processed and evaluated. Conclusion forms recommendations on how to im- prove motivation of women with history of gestational diabetes to maintain healthy diet...
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Differences between nutrition for pregnant and lactating women
Králová, Helena ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Anderlová, Kateřina (referee)
Life regime in the period of pregnancy and breast-feeding has a significant influence on development of fetus and infant afterwards. Both periods are very important and the goal of my bachelor thesis was to evaluate if the diet of pregnant and breast- feeding women follows current recommendations. The bachelor thesis is divided into three parts. First one presents up to date theoretical findings about nourishment for pregnant and breast-feeding women. Theoretical findings were also used to form a questionnaire. Research part was accomplished by quantitative anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled out by randomly chosen women of all ages. In total, 125 questionnaires were handed out, 103 of them were given back and additional 7 were excluded because the women were not breast-feeding. Therefore, 96 questionnaire were used for the purpose of the questionnaire part. The primary parameters under observations were changes in diet, preferred food and beverages, frequency of recommended and dangerous food and beverages, number of meals and fluid intake in the period of pregancy and breast-feeding. The secondary monitored parameters were reduction of pregnancy weight-gain, sources of information about nutrition and if the women were taking vitamins and additional food suplements. Apart from...
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Vliv teploty vzduchu na chování telat českého strakatého plemene skotu ve venkovních individuálních boxech
Krejčí, Hana
The aim of bachelors thesis was to evaluate the effect of ambient temperature on the behaviour of calves of the Czech paternal breed of cattle in their outside individual boxes. Besides air temperature, the sex and season of birth of the calf were taken into account.The behaviour, which was recorded, concerned standing and lying of the calf both in and out of the box. The entire observation was conducted on an agricultural holding near Nové Město na Moravě. Observation was carried out once every month, in the period from November 2015 to October 2016. The acquired data was displayed in 5 tables and 10 charts, which correspond to the given issue. According to the results obtained, it is evident, that the increase in ambient temperature has little effect on both male and female calves. Calves are lying and situated in these outside individual boxes mostly from the time of birth until the 15th day of age. The calves dwell in boxes mostly in the fall.
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Analýza vlivů působících na chování dojnic před porodem
Krejčí, Hana
The aim of this diploma thesis was the analysis of influences on the behavior of dairy cows before calving. The observation of dairy cows took place periodically once a month from October 2017 to September 2018. In particular, the temperature of the air, the order of lactation and the number of days after insemination were monitored during the observation. As the results show, especially at higher temperatures a higher proportion of standing cows was recorded compared to the proportion of lying cows. For the lying cows in particular, there were no significant differences in laterality. The highest concentration of dairy cows was found in those parts of the stable, which were adjecent to the trough (quadrants 1 a 4). There was no significant effect of advancing pregnancy on any of the monitored activities, nor was there a significant difference in laterality when lying. With increasing number of days after insemination, quadrants 1 and 4 were always the most sought after. Also with increasing number of lactations there was no significant difference in most of the monitored activities. The preference of lying on the left side was observed only on cows in the 1st and 2nd lactation. With the increase in lactations, the preference was always on quadrants 1 and 4.
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Remission of type 2 diabetes in patients on various dietary regimens
Kábelová, Adéla ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Šeda, Ondřej (referee)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder linked with the development of specific complications and comorbidities that negatively affect life quality and greatly increase the risk of an early death. The main goal of T2D treatment, which in common clinical practice comprises lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy, is to delay onset of these complications. Evidence from many recent studies shows the ability of some interventional methods to induce remission of T2D, meaning a major improvement or complete disappearance of T2D symptoms. Besides bariatric surgery procedures, some dietary regimens such as low-energy diet, low-carbohydrate diet and intermittent fasting, can also lead to T2D remission. Attributes of these dietary regimens, especially their effect in T2D treatment, is summarized in the theoretical part of this theses. The aim of the practical part of this thesis was to assess the effect of the dietary regimens mentioned above on morphometric and biochemical parameters associated with T2D by clinical and survey research. In most of the subjects with T2D, the individual dietary regimens, more precisely low-energy diet and low-carbohydrate diet, decreased body weight, where the weight loss induced by low-carbohydrate diet was caused by major decrease in the amount...
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The role of nutritionist in care of pregnant and breastfeeding women
Rezešová, Dagmar ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Anderlová, Kateřina (referee)
HILLOVÁ, Dagmar: The role of nutritionist in care of pregnant and breastfeeding women. [Thesis]. Charles University in Prague, 1st faculty of medicine; Nutritional specialist. Supervisor: MUDr. Hana Krejčí, Ph.D. Prague, 2019, 66p. The thesis deals with the application of the profession of nutritional therapist/specialist in the care of pregnant and nursing women. In the first half of the theoretical part, there are described individual differences in particular nutritional issues, between the period of pregnancy and the period of breastfeeding. In the second half of the theoretical part, the issue of nutrition health literacy and the characteristics of the professional relationship between the gynecologist and the nutritionist are discussed. The aim of the thesis was to design a real concept of how to include the profession of nutritional therapist/specialist in routine care for pregnant and breastfeeding women so that the current possibilities of specialized outpatient departments are taken into account. The chosen problem was solved by empirical research using the questioning method, where the currently provided nutritional services, deficit areas in the issue of nutrition of pregnant and breastfeeding women were examined and the individual attitude of the respondents in this issue was...
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Change of a diet during pregnancy with diagnosis of gestational diabetes and without this diagnosis
Plasová, Jitka ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is diet or changing diet of pregnant women monitored for gestational diabetes mellitus (hereinafter referred to as "GDM") compared to a control group of healthy women. The aim of this work was to verify and assess the impact of risk factors on the development of GDM and to compare the development of pregnancy from the point of view of weight of pregnant women and eating habits of pregnant women with and without GDM. To evaluate these goals, I conducted a questionnaire survey and critically assessed the results. My research has confirmed that during pregnancy, the eating habits of pregnant women have changed due to GDM, which has a very likely impact on the different weight gain of both groups (with or without GDM diagnosis). A large percentage of respondents admit that they had a problem with just limiting the sweets. On the other hand, the majority of respondents stated that they had more or less followed the recommended diet. Based on my research I can confirm direct relationship between GDM and some risk factors, especially the most frequent risk factors such as higher age, BMI above 25 and low physical activity. The frequency of GDM diagnosis in pregnant women in these categories was significantly higher. Another unequivocal risk factor was also confirmed,...
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Low-carbohydrate diet in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases
Šebestová, Michaela ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
A low-carbohydrate diet, which is characterised by carbohydrate intake reduction below usually recommended level, has recently been gaining in popularity, as it has also been a topic of a number of scientific studies. In the theoretical part of this bachelor's thesis there are some of its types introduced and possible benefits and risks are summed up. Consequently, its correlation with selected chronical diseases is discussed - starting with the use of low-carbohydrate diet as a part of treatment of intractable epilepsy. The next topic is low-carbohydrate diet related to diabetes mellitus, which could potentially be used to treat and also prevent chronic complications of this disease. Low-carbohydrate diet connected to weight loss, which could serve as a preventive measure, is also described. At the end of the theoretical part some of the other diseases, for which the effect of low-carbohydrate diet has already been researched too, are presented. The practical part of this bachelor's thesis focuses on the experience of people who are/were on this diet. The aim of this part is to chart circumstances of the diet initiation, its course and a plan of dealing with it in the future. Besides this it also concentrates on the way of conception of the diet and on the changes experienced in relation to it. A...
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The risk of type 2 diabetes in women treated for gestational diabetes
Cvejnová, Michaela ; Anderlová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the subject of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy. GDM is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder that develops during pregnancy and disappears after delivery. GDM is associated with a lot of complications and risks for both mother and child. For this reason, it is very important to make an early diagnosis of GDM and start timely treatment, which includes lifestyle changes, regular physical activity, or drug therapy. The theoretical part summarizes current information on GDM. In the practical part, follow-up OGTT data obtained 3 - 6 months after delivery were analysed. The aim of the thesis was to assess OGTT results through a statistical analysis of data of women treated for GDM diagnosed in 2016 and 2017. Retrospective processing of medical records was done. It was found that 75 patients (48.1%) had positive follow-up OGTT results after delivery, out of which 70 patients (93.3%) had elevated fasting blood glucose. 7 patients (9.3%) had increased glycaemia at 120 minutes after the test. Positive OGTT results fell into the pre-diabetic range. Only a very small percentage of women undergo follow-up OGTT after delivery, although nearly half of them have positive OGTT results. Risk factors such as higher BMI before...
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Low carb diet for diabetics with type 1 diabetes
Němečková, Monika ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Hásková, Aneta (referee)
The subject of the bachelor thesis is eating habits of type 1 diabetes patients. Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an autoimmune disease which can be improved vastly by improving dietary habits, mental health and regular sport activities. This thesis focuses principally on low- carbohydrate diet and how it compares to the traditionally recommended diet for the patients. The aim is to determine which of the two above diets is more beneficial for the patients with type 1 diabetes. The paper is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. Theoretical part briefly describes the disease, the advantages and disadvantages of the traditionally recommended diet for type 1 diabetes patients, in their daily life and during performing sport activities. Following is the description of the low- carbohydrate diet and its advantages and disadvantages. Practical part presents a compilation of data collected via anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled in by diabetes type 1 patients following the traditional and low- carbohydrate diets. Included in the data is the record of continuous measurements of glucose by Dexcom G5 and Enlite sensors. The aim of the practical part was to discover how the low-carbohydrate diet is effecting the quality of lives of diabetics, whether helps to reduce the number if...
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