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Determination of TauroLock stability
Matejčíková, Eva ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the study of the anticoagulant and antimicrobial agent TauroLockTM, which is manufactured by the german company TauroPharm GmbH. Based on the background research and taking into account the equipment of analytical laboratories of the Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, optimal methods of analysis were proposed and a series of experiments were carried out which focused on the determination of the active substance and degradation products of taurolidine in TauroLockTM which was stored for a certain period of time in real conditions. The main task of this work was to determine the presence of taurolidine as the active substance and formaldehyde as the undesirable product of its decomposition.
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Hormones in sewage sludge
Jagošová, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Currently there is a spate of interest in the presence of pharmacologically active substances in the environment. These substances are excreted in active or metabolized form and with wastewater pass the wastewater treatment plant. Current treatment technologies do not always eliminate all pharmaceuticals effectively and therefore they enter the environment. One of these active groups is the group of steroid hormones. Steroid hormones belong to the group of endocrine disruptors and they are considered to be dangerous for the ecosystems. Due to the hydrophobic character of steroid hormones they undergo partial or total sorption from wastewater to sludge. Sewage sludge is the by product of wastewater treatment and contains heavy metals, organic contaminants and pathogenic bacteria. A part of produced sewage sludge is used as a fertilizer in the Czech Republic. This issue follows the regulation 347/2016 – conditions of agricultural use of sewage sludge. Waste policy of EU will alter the conditions of sludge disposal, so it is necessary to obtain data about the concentration levels, fate and behaviour of those pollutants. This thesis was focused on five natural female hormones and four synthetic, which are used as a part of contraceptive pills and substitutional hormonal therapy. Determination of hormones was performed in four steps including ultrasonic assisted extraction, clean up by solid phase extraction, derivatization and final analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry on triple quadrupole in MS/MS mode.
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Determination of Hydroxyacids including their Low- and High Molecular Derivatives
Lysáková, Klára ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the determination of hydroxy acids and their low and high molecular polymers. The theoretical part deals with their properties, production and utilization. The polymers of these substances are used as biodegradable plastics and as absorbable sewing materials. The experimental part is focused on the determination of the total component and on the composition and amount of impurities of selected samples of ethyl lactate, lactides and polylactide. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography (GC) and tandem techniques using GC/MS and Head-Space-GC/MS analysis.
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Detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by separation techniques and mass spectrometry
Žvaková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this work is detailed characterization of pyrolysis oil by advanced analytical separation methods and mass spectrometry. During the pyrolysis process decomposition of complex organic material take place in the presence of high temperatures and the absence of oxygen. Condensable part of vapours and aerosols forms viscous liquid called pyrolysis oil which is a complex mixture of large amount of compounds. In this work samples from microwave pyrolysis of woodchips and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant Brno-Modřice were analysed. Samples were provided by Bionic Laboratories company. Samples were separated by column chromatography on activated silica. For detailed characterization of each fraction gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection with time of flight analyser were used. Substances that have been identified can be divided into several groups: alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acid and heterocycles.
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Occurrence of Antibiotics in the Environment
Seifrtová, Marcela ; Solich, Petr (advisor) ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Montenegro, Maria da Conceiçãro Branco (referee)
5 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Analytical Chemistry Candidate: Marcela Seifrtová Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Petr Solich, CSc. Prof. Angelina Pena, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Occurrence of antibiotics in the environment The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is a growing concern. The pharmaceuticals are developed to have biological effects, and because of their biological and physico-chemical properties, their release into the environment can have impact in human health and ecosystems. Despite their long half-life, pharmaceuticals are constantly being release into the environment, contributing to a continuous exposure of aquatic ecosystems. The pharmaceuticals are considered as emerging environmental pollutants and the assessment of their environmental risk is acquired. Research on the occurrence, fate and effects is described in the scientific literature, however the data are still insufficient. Antibiotics are an important class of pharmaceuticals widely used in human and veterinary medicine. The main problem associated with their presence in the environment is the development of mechanisms of resistance by bacteria, leading to the development of multi-resistant bacteria, which may put at risk public health in terms of...
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Assessment of the suitability of PET flakes produced by PETKA CZ, Inc. company for the manufacture of granulates for food purposes
Šudomová, Lucie ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate and its subsequent processing into the form of a regranulate meeting the parameters required for food use. A brief description of recycling technology, PET flake quality rating and input material contamination is provided. Additionally, legislation regarding recycling for food purposes is discussed and regranulation technologies are described. The suitability of these technologies for processing specific flake samples has been confirmed. In the experimental part, differences in the regranulate samples are compared using DSC and FT-IR. It has been found that there are no major differences between food quality samples. Tests were carried out on 200 PET bottles (bottle, label), on which the input material was divided into 16 groups. Groups that are unsuitable for recycling with this technology was defined. In addition, contaminants of the final product were examined. Their approximate composition was determined and the relationship between the labels of the bottles at the inlet and the impurities at the outlet was found. Appropriate solutions have been proposed to reduce this contamination
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Compounds of terpenic nature in mint plants and the influence of elicitation on them
Jančová, Nikola ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Diploma thesis is focused on study of compounds of terpenic nature in mint plants. Terpenic compounds are volatile hydrocarbons formed by several isoprenoid units with low molecular weight which cause the typical smell of plants. Presence of these compounds cause that plants seem to be fungicidal, bactericidal and insecticidal. Due to these properties, they can be used as botanical pesticides which are not toxic and no resistant organisms occur. Each plant contains relatively low concentrations of these compounds and therefore elicitors must be used for the increasing of terpenes amount. Elicitors activate defensive mechanisms in the plant leading to higher defense abilities and production of secondary metabolites. The identification and quantification of analytes was determined by gas chromatography in connection with mass spectrometry.
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Liquid discharges of 14C in the Czech nuclear power plants and estimation of their radiological impacts
Chvátalová, Barbora ; Kotlík, Josef (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis deals with the determination of 14C activity in liquid discharges from the Czech nuclear power plants and with the estimation of their radiological impacts on the vicinity of nuclear power plants. This work summarizes the issue of 14C liquid discharges of several nuclear power plants in the world and Czech nuclear power plants are compared to them. The sewage routs of liquid discharges from control tanks to waste water station are described in this thesis for both power plants - Dukovany and Temelín. Measured values of the 14C activity in liquid discharges from nuclear power plants Temelín and Dukovany are presented in this work. The procedure for calculating the exposure of representative persons as a result of liquid discharge of 14C activity is described in this thesis. The resulting values of annual commited effective dose for each age category of representative persons are presented in this work.
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