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Kazakh wedding traditional and modern: transformations wedding ceremony in time
Dosšanova, Gulžan ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor) ; Krupková, Jaroslava (referee)
This work is concerned with the process of wedding in the Kazakhstani society. As there is currently no written study of traditional and contemporary Kazakhstani wedding, my aim was to present and describe the wedding ceremony. I based the reconstruction of the traditional ceremony on respective literature, and for the interpretation of current forms I employed field research, my own memories of such marriages in 70s-80s and information from various respondents. An interesting phenomenon is the persistence of certain practices, rituals and customs in face of the changes in the human society. In the last 100 years, Kazakhstan has changed from a nomadic society to an industrial, evolving country. The contemporary wedding ceremony reacts to these changes and reflects them like a mirror. Wedding is forced to react to important social and cultural changes in the society. In this work, I wanted to point some of them out.
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Problems of folk costume in the Vysoké nad Jizerou area
Dědovský, Daniel ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor) ; Sochorová, Ludmila (referee)
By revealing mostly not yet researched or up to this time neglected sources, new facts have been discovered, which put the research in the problems of folk dressing in the cultural area of Giant and Jizera mountains to a new level. The author directed his attention to the history of folk dressing in the Vysoké nad Jizerou area since the probably oldest references coming from the beginning of the 18th century. He succeeded in documenting individual generations variabilities of the folk dressing in the area of Vysoké nad Jizerou, how this dressing was involved by the urban fashion during the 19th and 20th century up to its use within the frame of "svéráz" movement and the specific use of the offcasted folk costumes in the present time. During the exploration there have been found some dressing specifies in the microarea of Vysoké nad Jizerou given by the economic, cultural, social, ethnic and geographic conditions of the explored area. The "Problems of Folk Costume in the Vysoké nad Jizerou Area" is the first complex work on this subject. It offers a basis for further studies connected with the exploration of folk clothing in the cultural area of Giant- and Jizera mountains.
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The Christmas cribs of Třešť and their authors
Hinková, Zuzana ; Krupková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
This dissertation describes the origin, the development and the present state of the Christmas crib making of Třešť. A particular emphasis is placed on the present-day state whereas focusing on material and nonmaterial aspects of the researched phenomenon. The information about Christmas crib making of Třešť has been gathered from literature and the informants - the crib makers from Třešť. The first chapter of this dissertation consists of a general introduction to the questions of the origin of the Christmas cribs and the Christmas crib making in the past. The second chapter deals with the origin, the development and the expansion of the Christmas crib making in the Czech-Moravian Highlands. The Christmas crib making and the nativity scenes of Třešť are the themes of third chapter which describes the origin and the development of Christmas crib making of Třešť, the building of the nativity scenes, the use of natural materials and the products of nature. In this chapter, we are also focusing on the biblical and other symbolism of these nativity scenes. The next (fourth) chapter treats the factors that influence birth, development, expansion, transfomation or disappearance of folk lore in this particular locality (Třešť). In the following chapter two possibilites of maintenace and the measure against the...
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Changes of burial in village Úhonice in the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century
Slaboch, Martin ; Krupková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Navrátilová, Alexandra (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
The way of burial have during the 20th century in our country dramatically changed. Newly appeared cremation and in recent years there increase the burials without any ceremony. So high portion of burials without ceremony has not got a parallelism in the whole world. Traditional spiritual burials with a multiple leave and inhumanition to the grave on the graveyard are decreasing. There are still coming new and new options and ways of undertaking from now on. The thesis focuses on progress in burial in middle Bohemia's village called Úhonice during the years 1988-2008, where the ways of burying of all 205 dead people were perfectly registered. The case study shows the new forms of undertaking, which appears in Úhonice later than in bigger cities. Today the dead body is immediately taken by burial purposes, which even look after obsequies. By activity of professional burial purposes the burial customs disappear
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An insight to bastard childs problematic in Bohemia, based on the research of selected Church birth records of Kostelec nad Černými lesy lordship between years 1785-1873
Bayerová, Vanda ; Sochorová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
The tittle of this dissertation is The Probe into Probleme of illegitimated Children in Czech on the Basis of Research selected ecclesiatistic Registers on Dominion Kostelec nad Černými Lesy between 1785 and 1873. This study presents one of the most prodigies in the family life of our ancestors. The first theoretical part is composed of ten chapters with more subchapters. The second chapter is about archive materials and literature by czech and foreign authors. The third chapter consists in description of historical and ethnological names of illegitimated children, their mothers, their fathers and abortus, pragnancy etc. The next essay talks about prenuptial sex, possibility of meeting young single people, opinions their parents and rural society on, for example, virginity. The fourth chapter is generally about illegitimated children and their parents, their nuptial and reasons of their positions in the society. The next essay consists in description of crime of the past - infanticide. The subsequent theme is about natality theories, especially malthusianism. The succeed part is about obstruction of weding for unwealthy rural and municipal people. The next chapter is specially ethnological and folkloral. This is called The unbaptisted children, abortus and infanticide in the folk traditions. At the end of...
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Changes in gastronomical behaviour of miners in Kladensko (with focus on Vinarice village)
Žvachtová, Pavla ; Tomandl, Miloš (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
Kladno region as a well-known industrial area (black coal mines, steelworks, etc.) started to grow in the second half of the 19th century. Following the industrial development of this area, there was a great professional imigration (from the whole Czech region). As a result of this imigration, social habits of the original inhabitants of the agricultural Kladno and those of the newcomers started to mix and a new specific Kladno "worker's" culture started to form. It changed many times, particularly within the context of economic and political development, however its roots originate in the 19th century. Kladno miners' culture experienced one of essential changes after 1990 when the whole region went through a social transformation resulting from the alterations in the industrial sphere. The steel production (POLDI) and mainly the coal mine production declined during the nineties (the last coal mine was closed in 2002). These changes showed in everyday lives of the people in the area. They distinctively affected the people involved in these changes, namely the people employed in Kladno businesses (the majority of whom lost their jobs and who in comparison with the period before 1990 lost their social status). Implicitly the economic transformation affected the rest of the population of Kladno. This thesis...
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The Czech vegetarianism within the cultural contexts
Hanková, Marie ; Krupková, Jaroslava (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor)
The purpose of this dissertation is to create a certain overview of the Czech vegetarianism development further to its development in the world within different cultural contexts. The vegetarianism is a subject extending into many scientific areas to which the used literature and materials refer. The first part contains an introduction to the questions of vegetarianism. What follows is the development in the world related to different religious and spiritual movements (Hinduism, Buddhism, Pythagoreans, Stoics, Christianity, Islam, Judaism etc.) or to some particular individuals. Also, the attitude to the consumption of meat in the historico-cultural periods up to the first attempts to promote vegetarianism is briefly described. The following part describes the development of the Czech vegetarianism since the second half of the 19th century - the personalities, the literature, the associations, the activities etc. The period literature analysis is confronted with the contemporary specialized literature and is also compared with the attitudes of the present-day propagators and supporters of the vegetarianism. The last part of this work comprises of a questionnaire survey, which was used for specifying the initial motivation in becoming a vegetarian or vegan, for determining potential problems, for learning...
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Torah binders from the collections of the Jewish Museum in Prague
Uličná, Lenka ; Veselská, Dana (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor)
Torah binders belong to the most interesting Jewish textiles in many Jewish museums as well as private possessions all around the world. Torah binder binds the Torah scroll together when the scroll is not being used, the binder protects and decorates it. One type of a Torah binder, so called wimpel, used to be made from a swaddling cloth used at boy's circumcision. It was then washed, cut into four stripes and sewn together again in the form of a narrow, long strip of cloth. The custom developed over four hundred years, it arose in Southern Germany and in slightly modified forms spread all around the Ashkenazi Europe.
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The concept of woman on the background of social change at the turn of the 19. century (1895-1905)
Košutová, Klára ; Sochorová, Ludmila (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor)
The paper is focused on studying the traditional concept of woman in view of its conflict with the gradually enforced demands of women within the feminist movement. The main demands of women on their way to coequality were the right to higher education, free choice of occupation, and unsegregated legal status. As they struggle for their rights, the traditional concept of woman, which places her in a role of domesticity, is used as a strong instrument against their wishes. A woman is only supposed to be a wife, mother and a housewife and she is considered incapable of and unfit to gain any other position in society. The concept of unequal status of a woman particularly governed middle class life, depicting a specific glamour in the role of an ideal woman and family life. Social changes brought up by industrial revolution and upheavals in demographic equilibrium where the percentage of women alarmingly outnumbered that of men confronted society with the task of increasing quantity of women left without possibility of subsistence, either by occupation or marrying a male- provider. Hostility toward the new claims of women was based on men's fear of competition and an unwillingness to share heretofore exclusively men's domains of power; the higher education system, the labor market and the right to vote. It...
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The function and forms of the Chodsko's traditional costume in the past and present
Nová, Lucie ; Krupková, Jaroslava (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor)
In this thesis, I described the evolution of the traditional clothing from the half of the 19th century until the 21st century. It was my concern to achieve a work of not only descriptive content, which I found so frequent. I sought also for the occasions for wearing the traditional costume, on what occasion, the way the traditional costume changes when the original materials changes. I looked for the reasons why and with what functionality it is still worn by people living today. Among the historical evolution, I put emphasis also on the recent form and function of the traditional clothing.
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