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Same event, different representations: How do biases differ in mass media and participants descriptions?
Pešková, Tereza ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Mitrenga, David (referee)
Same event, different representations: How do biases differ in mass media and participants descriptions? Abstract The main theme of this thesis is the representation of events by two different perspectives - the media's representation on the one hand and narration of participants on the other. Both of these methods of capturing events stands for an effort to interpret actuality, which attributes importance to it. While in the case of media the important factors are especially those as regulatory requirements, news values or the image of the audience, at the individual level are mainly applied different strategies of self-presentation. Since everyone in the interpretation of reality is affected by their personality or behavior, there are many different images that depict everyday reality which we accept. It is therefore important to be aware of how these representations are created. The goal of the research itself was to explore both of these sources and describe how they differ from one another in case of a representation of the same event (namely Prague Pride Parade 2014). The intention was to find out how the two types of descriptions differ and how are affected. The findings presents on what both types of description have focused, what were the main topics presented and the context in which the event was...
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Immersion in video games: a relationship between player and avatar
Hejret, Vojtěch ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Buchtík, Martin (referee)
This thesis is exploring a new approach to the little known and conceptually diversified subject of immersion in video games. Immersion is defined here as a complex approach to a state induced by a long term exposure of the player to a video game. In the beginning we explore different approaches to the study of video games and presenting our own basic typology of games. In the next part we present different understandings of the concept of immersion. Empirical part of this thesis explores different elements influencing the level of immersion. On the background of this concept we are also trying to suggest possible forms of player- avatar relationship. The main suggested elements influencing the immersion and creation of player-avatar relationship are game genre specifics, user strategies/motivations towards gaming, in-game story, avatar creation, quality of gameplay and audio-visual quality.
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Personal space and social interaction in public transport: the case of intercity bus traveling
Lexová, Aneta ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Matoušek, Petr (referee)
Bachelor thesis is devoted to the public transport as a space where everyday social interactions take place. This issue is watched on a specific case of intercity bus. The social interaction of bus passengers is seen as dramaturgical proceeding of actors in specific social surroundings. The aim of this work is to describe social interactions and definition of personal space in the intercity bus. The work is theoretically based on the works of Erving Goffman. Findings in the empirical part of the work are based on the qualitative research data. The data were collected using the participant observation method on the passengers of specific intercity bus. The main conclusions of the paper include that interactions in the intercity bus only take place in the exceptional cases or when boarding the bus and only in the form of complimentary question on the vacancy. People, even in such a cramped space which is given by the seating configuration, try to define their personal space. They mostly use their body (they sit on the seat closer to the corridor in the middle of the bus) or items like clothes and luggage which they put on the seat next to them. The work also describes reactions of passengers on the insufficient interaction space. Most people responded with civil inattention accompanied by some involvement....
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"Becoming a Facebook User": the mystery of (not) leaving
Dlouhá, Marie ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Recently, facebook has become an important communication and intercation medium and social phenomenon. It attracts attention thanks to its broad audience, and it raises questions of safety and privacy, "addiction", identity and self-presentation. The study Becoming a Facebook User (the title is inspired by Howard Becker's article) is focused primarily on the question of (not) leaving - by using qualitative methods that explore "addiction" to facebook. Using methods of ethnographic interviews and interactionist analysis based on Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach, broadened by the theory of Joshua Meyrowitz, this work shows that to be a facebook user is not a state but a career. An analysis of the individual stages of usership demonstrates the main reason for "addiction" - the "middle region" - i.e. the places where various audiences meet and there are many options for interacting with a large number of people from diverse environments. This text shows that "middle region" provides some advantages as long as there is effective management of the interactional regions that should prevent overloading, i.e. confusion. The management of regions and the study thereof in terms of a career means investment by a user in time and effort, which together with the advantages that such a management "middle...
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CONFLICT IN CYBERSPACE
Mitrenga, David ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Buchtík, Martin (referee)
Conflict in cyberspace Abstract Analysis of conflict in cyberspace seeking to understand the conflict and communication culture in internet discussions with regard to the dynamics of argumentation conflicts. The analysis is hermeneutic understanding conflict on internet discussions and descriptions conversationally - argumentative dynamics of internet discussions below the news servers. The research uses qualitative methods of data analysis and interpretation. The conflict in cyberspace I divided the realistic and the nonrealistic. Communication on internet discussions is then characterized by conflict rather unrealistic, therefore, partly wasteful and ephemeral conflicts virtual self - presentation, based on sarcasm, invective, irony, cynicism and offensive reactions. Studying the structure and dynamics of internet discussions, also refutes the stereotype that internet discussions are mere "opinions cesspool" or meaningless "virtual gallery" demented posts.
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Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law : Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Přibáň, Jiří (referee) ; Válková, Helena (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological approaches...
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Goals are scored in order to celebrate them: a dramaturgical analysis of a ritual
Hotový, Ondřej ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Svobodová, Ludmila (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut sociálních studií Katedra sociologie Ondřej Hotový Góly padají proto, aby se slavily Dramaturgická analýza ritualizovaného jevu Bakalářská práce Praha 2013 Abstract This thesis is based on a qualitative research, which thematically deals with different ways of player's goal celebrating behaviour during football matches. This ceremony is considered to be a ritualized phenomenon, wherein coexisting of emotions and ritual elements takes place. It describes the importance and function of a ritual during specific social actions. The thesis substantiates the process of ritualism and designs a typology of goal celebrations. Thus created categorization is formed by three main components of celebrating - ritualism, emotions and dramaturgic performance. The whole thesis is conceived as a dramaturgical analysis of social action. This approach emphasizes individual actors (or teams), who play specific roles during goal celebrating in order to present their own self and to make an impression on the other actors in the performance. The thesis is inspired by an interpretation of dramaturgical analysis according to Erving Goffman. His book 'The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life' is one of the key sources for the thesis. The data for this research come from...
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Cancer as a source of fright and how patiens with tumour illness learn to work with their illness
Spíralová, Anna ; Grygar, Jakub (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
This thesis is focused on an important problem of today, which is cancer. It describes this deceitful sickness from social point of view, suggesting what impact cancer has on living in a society and on the position of the sick people inside the society. Cancer is connected with strong connotations, which are constructed by the media and society's point of view. It is primarily the status of a "fighter", which is a dominant consensus for communication inside a family and for the view of the cancer patient. Patient with cancer, alias "fighter" is a men, who has cancer, but doesn't stop being active, he fights with cancer and doesn't forgot his live. He works and has social life and etc. This behavior is expected from him by his family and close people, but cancer is a sickness, which .causes pain and fears about patient's own life very often, so the cancer patient must struggle not only with the sickness, but also with fulfilling the expectations of the role of the "fighter" for his or her close people. Next will be shown, how the patients work with the cancer and how they learn to be patients and how the cancer shapes their lives and how they include it in their biography as a very important experience in their life and how they connect the birth of the cancer, which is not known very well, with the...
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Guilt and responsibility in the context of criminal law: Discursive practices and strategies
Vávra, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Válková, Helena (referee) ; Večeřa, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with the ways political and expert (especially legal and criminological) discourses formulate and reproduce the meanings, assumptions and definitions constructing the man as a subject of criminal law, a subject responsible for his actions. It focuses on the ways the political domain (in particular, the lower and upper chambers of the Czech Parliament) and the scientific domain (in particular, legal science, criminology and psychiatry) form and formulate the opinions of "criminal law" and the ways these opinions are reflected in meanings embodied in criminal law itself. Methodologically, the thesis builds on critical discourse analysis. Put in plain language, what makes discourse significant is the oppression it brings upon us by defining what can be said about the world and how one can meaningfully act in it. Thus, it is not (only) a reflection of another, more real reality and it cannot be fully reduced to some other social phenomena. Therefore, by investigating discourse, one can identify the assumptions social actors build on and the argumentative frameworks they apply in discourse. The theory section formulates premises for the subsequent analysis of specific topics related to the formulation of "criminal" guilt and responsibility. After a short review of sociological...
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Relationship of artists to an artistic norm
Záleská, Eva ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Svobodová, Ludmila (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of relation of fine artists towards the artistic norm. Artistic norm consists of an aesthetic norm and other social norms related to the artistic field. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the presentation of current knowledge about the study area, mainly theoretical approach of the aesthetic norm of Jan Mukařovský, analytical concept of social field, described by Pierre Bourdieu and concept of art worlds presented by Howard Becker. Research shows that artists perceive the aesthetic norm as an integral part of a broad normative group. It is important to take a good position in the hierarchically structured artistic field. Artists are trying to differentiate themselves not only in the mainstream, but also within the artistic field. This is ensured by their authentic design and unique style. Unlike the initial literature, research confirms that artists reflect their pragmatic interests and do not fear the loss of legitimacy of their artistic activities.
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