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Fluidized-bed Combustion of Dry Stabilized Sewage Sludge in Oxy-fuel Mode
Moško, Jaroslav ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Durda, Tomáš ; Zach, Boleslav ; Šyc, Michal ; Svoboda, Karel
Sewage sludge is an inevitable waste stream from wastewater treatment and its disposal is complicated due to specific characteristics of its composition. Sewage sludge combustion/incineration is the only suitable way for disposal of large volumes of sewage sludge containing POPs and some heavy metals. Sewage sludge combustion reduces the volume of such waste and causes destruction of organic contaminants. Oxy-fuel combustion is a technology for simplifying CO2 sequestration from the flue gas by using nearly pure oxygen instead of air for the combustion. In order to control the combustion temperature, part of the flue gas is recycled to combustion chamber. The paper brings information about investigation of the effects of combustion temperature and concentration of oxygen in inlet combustion media on the emissions of NOx, N2O and SO2 in FB combustion of sewage sludge. The experimental results have shown that an increase in combustion temperature leads to an increase in NOx and to a decrease in N2O emissions in the temperature range 750–930 °C. The lowest SO2 emissions were measured in the temperature interval from 800 to 820 °C in all experiments with different oxygen concentration in inlet gas. It was found that when the oxygen concentration in inlet gas increased, the emissions of SO2 increased while emissions of NOx slightly decreased.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22016112214480 - PDF
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Treatment of Flue Gas from Waste Incineration by Sodium and Calcium Based Sorbents.
Zach, Boleslav ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Šyc, Michal ; Svoboda, Karel ; Punčochář, Miroslav
This paper is focused on properties of sodium and calcium based sorbents in relation to simultaneous dry flue gas treatment from SO2, HCl, NOx, solid particles, and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F). The most important differences between the two sorbent types are: the effect of temperature and moisture of flue gas on the sorption process, reactivity towards individual acid components in the flue gas (thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetics), and solubility of air pollution control residues.
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Comparison of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3 as Sorbents Suitable for Dry Flue Gas Treatment at Temperatures Below 250 °C.
Zach, Boleslav
The sorption rate of HCl on Ca(OH)2 is, in comparison with NaHCO3 (Na2CO3), an order of magnitude lower and to reach the emission limits, the flue gas treatment has to be conducted under suitable conditions. A suitable temperature for removal of acidic gases by calcium based sorbents is connected to the content of H2O in flue gas. The reaction rate is very good in the vicinity of dew point but the process conditions shouldn’t be too close to the dew point to avoid condensation. The advantages of Ca(OH)2 are better reactivity towards HF, very low water solubility of air pollution residues, and low price in comparison with NaHCO3.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22016053109271 - PDF
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Analysis of Bottom Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plants
Krausová, Aneta ; Šyc, Michal ; Kameníková, Petra ; Zach, Boleslav ; Pohořelý, Michael ; Svoboda, Karel ; Punčochář, Miroslav
Struska ze spalování komunálních odpadu obsahuje radu materiálu, které mohou být dále využity jako druhotné suroviny, zejména železné a neželezné kovy, nekteré vzácné kovy a kovy vzácných zemin nebo napríklad sklo. Minerální frakce je po vytežení cenných surovin, vhodnou náhradou prírodních materiálu ve stavebním prumyslu. Významným benefitem, pri zpracování strusky, je pro provozovatele spaloven také redukce poplatku za skládkování. Řada spaloven v Evropě je vybavena separačními linkami pro získávání železných a neželezných kovu. V České republice je linka pro získávání neželezných kovů instalována na spalovne SAKO Brno, ostatní dvě spalovny separují pouze snadno dostupný objemný železný šrot. Pro posouzení využitelnosti a při rozhodovávání o aplikaci vhodné technologie pro úpravu strusky je nezbytná znalost jejích fyzikálních vlastností a materiálového složení, které je značně variabilní a závislé na složení spalovaného odpadu. Analýzou strusky z českých spaloven bylo stanoveno materiálové složení.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22015111812260 - PDF
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