|
|
The enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper - a source of raw materials for production of liquid biofuels
Lepař, Petr ; Stloukal, Radek (referee) ; Gabriel, Petr (advisor)
In diploma thesis the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper as a source for the production of liquid biofuels is discused. It follows directly the homonymous diploma thesis from Ing. Brummer, and it is based on the findings, which were solved and decided in previous work. In the theoretical part there is a summarization of basic information on the enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper and the associated influences of various factors of the rate and degree of hydrolysis. Higher attention is paid to a waste cardboard and its pretreatment methods due to the maximalization of the yield of hydrolysis. The next part summarizes options of the fermentative production of biofuels, focusing on the method of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, where the further appropriate organism for ethanol fermentation is discussed. The last part is about the technological process from the raw material input to the separation of ethanol. In the experimental section the pre-treatment of waste paper in order to maximize the efficiency of hydrolysis was examined. The best results were achieved using a vibratory mill. In addition, various parameters for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation were optimized using enzymes from Novozymes® company and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The conversion rate of waste paper cellulose to reducing sugars was observed by spectrophotometric method by Somogyi - Nelson and the amount of produced ethanol was quantified using HPLC / RI. As a part of this thesis some conditions (amount of enzyme, substrate, nutrients, yeasts, temperature, pH, type of buffer) were optimized to maximize the effectiveness of the overall process. All experiments were carried out on corrugated cardboard, which was chosen as the most promising material for hydrolysis that was among the waste paper pulp in diploma thesis by Ing. Brummer.
|
|
|
Prestressed bridge in Velké Pavlovice
Stloukal, Radim ; Růžička, Stanislav (referee) ; Koláček, Jan (advisor)
The subject of this thesis is to design a bridge construction over the river Trkmanka in the municipality Velké Pavlovice. The superstructure is designed as a prestressed one field slab bridge with the length of 16,85m. As a part of this thesis there is enclosed structural analysis calculated accordingly to ČSN EN 1992-1-1. The load effects were calculated by Scia Engineer and compared with manual calculation. The rest of the calculations are done manually and ocassionally compared to engineering software. The construction has been analysed for the ultimate limit state, serviceability limit state and the stress anchors have been designed.
|
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.