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Induction of neurogenesis and gliogenesis after ischemic CNS injury - the role of Wnt signaling pathway
Koleničová, Denisa ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Nerandžič, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on ischemic injury of the central nervous system (CNS), one of the most frequent causes of death and disability in the world, and its possible treatment via the induction of neurogenesis. It consists of three different parts. In the first part, main neurogenic regions of the CNS, the subventricular zone and gyrus dentatus (GD) of the hippocampus, are described at the cellular, as well as molecular level. The second part is mainly dedicated to ischemic injury, to the global and focal brain ischemia. A particular chapter of this part describes changes in neurogenesis and gliogenesis after ischemic injury of the brain, changes in the induction of radial glial cells, proliferation and migration of neural progenitor cells and neuroblasts. In this chapter, we also describe the activation of astrocytes, microglia and NG2 glia (also known as polydendrocytes) after ischemic injury of the CNS. The last, third part of the bachelor thesis, is focused on signaling pathways, which significantly influence neurogenesis: Shh (Sonic hedgehog homolog), Notch and Wnt (Wingles/Integrated) signaling pathways. Special attention is devoted to the Wnt signaling pathway, which is an essential part of molecular mechanisms in nerve cells. Keywords: neurogenesis, gliogenesis, hippocampus, gyrus...
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Methods for measuring pain in animals
Štěrbová, Petra ; Vaculín, Šimon (advisor) ; Nerandžič, Vladimír (referee)
Pain in animals was almost completely overlooked in the last years. It was assumed that animals do not suffer because they are not able to tell it anyway. In a recent time we know that it's not truth and the animals can physically feel pain as we do. This thesis is summarization of the basic knowledge about the pain measurement of animals. However, there are two different approaches to the measurement of pain. The first one is based on the threshold of pain, the another one observes changes in behavior. There have been number of animal models developed in order to pain detection. Exploration of the pain in animals can help us to clarify mechanisms and treatments for serious and chronic neuropathic pain. From an ethical point of view, it's almost impossible to expose a person to serious neuropathic injury for experimental purposes. Therefore, in these cases, the animals are commonly used. And besides this fact, nowadays animals represent a full member of the family for many people, so it is something like moral obligation for us to relieve a pain in animals.
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Pathological pain states, the role of synaptic modulation at spinal cord level
Nerandžič, Vladimír ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
(English) Modulation of synaptic transmission in dorsal horn of spinal cord plays a key role in nociceptive signalling. Recent studies have indicated a great importance of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors (transient receptor potential vanilloid) in spinal cord. These receptors act as molecular integrator of nociceptive stimulation on periphery. The way of their activation and the effect on modulation of the synaptic transmission are not clarified yet. Previous studies demonstrated the influence of many inflammatory mediators and cytokins on TRPV1 receptors. The aim of our research was to show changes in activation of presynaptic TRPV1 receptors in the spinal cord following the application of endogenous agonist N-oleoyl dopamine (OLDA) in a model of peripheral neuropathy, after incubation with cytokine TNFα and to show the effect of precursor of anandamide N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE). In our experiments, we have recorded miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) from neurons of acute spinal cord slices by the patch-clamp method. The first series of experiments tested sensitivity to application of the endogenous agonist OLDA 5 days after evoking peripheral neuropathy. The frequency of mEPSC increased significantly - to 250 % of base level after applying a low concentration of OLDA (0,2...
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