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Metanol v lihovinách a možnosti jeho detekce
Němec, Michal
The Bachelor thesis "The methanol in spirits and possibilities its detection" describes the basis alcohols, their occurence and properties. The detailed description of methanol, its chemical and physical properties, use, manufacture and physiological effects are described. The work was also focused on ethanol, its production, properties, metabolism and its wide range of applications. The work refers to a danger of methanol and ethanol and what they can cause when they are eaten. Part of Bachelor thesis is devoted to the possibilities of methanol detection, where the methods of methanol detection in spirits with a focus on the determination of methanol by gas and liquid chromatography are described and the description of the lesser known methods as well. The work also describes the methods, which are used for detection of the presence of methanol in spirits that exist on the Internet and where their functionality is not proven and these are dangerous due to the possibility of subsequent methanol poisoning. Conclusion of the literary part is dedicated to the legislation about spirit drinks. The new law about mandatory labeling of spirits, which arose in connection with the methanol affair is mentioned as well. The practical part was focused on the applicability of the method for methanol detection in spirits, which is described in the literature. It has ben proven that the certified method is not suitable to detect the presence of methanol in spirits.
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How the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) recognizes enemies
NĚMEC, Michal
This study investigates two questions about anti-predator behaviour of the red-backed shrike. 1) Is the red-backed shrike able to assess the differing dangers represented by various types or species of predators? 2) How does the red-backed shrike recognize the predator? We found, that the red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio) adjusts its anti-predator behaviour by assessing the potential threat to themselves from different predator species and by assessing the chance of a successful attack. Further, we found that the presence of general raptor salient features is absolutely necessary for proper categorisation of the intruder as a predator, whereas the natural species-specific colouration in itself is an insufficient cue.
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Antipredation behaviour of the Red-Backed Shrike (\kur{Lanius collurio}) against corvids
NĚMEC, Michal
In previous studies with stuffed dummies, we found interesting difference in nest defence of Red-Backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) against two similar nest predators: Jay (Garrulus glandarius) and Magpie (Pica pica). Jay was attacked very intensively, whereas Magpie almost wasn´t hited and Shrikes seemed to keep in cover. Here, I describe the antipredation behavior of the Red Backed Shrike against another stuffed corvids presented closely to Shrikes nests: Jay (Garrulus glandarius), Common Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes), Rook (Corvus frugilegus), Crow (Corvus corone) and Raven (Corvus corax). I found Jay and Nutcracker to be attacked by Shrikes very strongly, whereas Rook, Crow and Raven were attacked rarely (Shrikes only flied around them or sit at a distance, watching the dummy, sometimes accompanied with alarm-calls). Shrikes response is affected mainly by kind of predator, by age of youngs and by quality of concealment of nest. More - www.mn.ic.cz
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