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Hydrochemical and hydrogeological assessment of spring waters in the western Lusatian Mountains and Zittau Basin
Palkovičová, Veronika ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Kamil, Kamil (referee)
The bachelor thesis was conducted within the project "Springs connect landscapes and countries - environmental education and cooperation in the Liberec - Zittau region". The studied area is located along border of the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany, in the region of the former Sudetenland. The area encompasses two sea drainage basins and four geological units, resulting in a diverse landscape morpholgy with various types of groundwater.
From March until December 2016, field measurements and water sampling were carried out on selected springs in the western part of the Liberec - Zittau region. Basic physical-chemical parametres (temperature, pH-value, electrical conductivity, redox-potential, dissolved oxygen and, if possible, discharge) were determinee on the field. Water samples were collected and processed in the laboratory. Concentrations of most anions (SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, ...) were measured by Ion Chromatograph (Dionex ICS-1100). Cations (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, K+, ...) were measured by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission or mass spectrometry (ICP-OES, ICP-MS), depending on the expected concentration.
The measured data was averaged and sorted into four geological categories according to the geological map (crystalline complex, cretaceous, quaternary sediments, volcanites). Data were further evaluated using the demo version of the commercially available AquaChem hydrochemical software (Piper and Stiff diagram) as well as in the statistical program R. The average concentrations in most springs confirmed the attribution to the particular geological settings, however, some springs reveal a significant affect by agricultural activity. From the graphical representation of the concentration of selected ions in the spring water, it is also evident that the Quaternary sediments of the Zittau basin were likely formed from the surrounding crystalline.
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Impact of urban drainage on heavy metal concentration in aquatic ecosystems
Darmovzalová, Marie ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
Urban streams are influenced by number of human activities. Diploma thesis discusses the impact of urban drainage (specifically storm water drains) on toxic metal concentrations, of, in one of Prague's minor creeks - Zátišský Creek. Zátišský Creek flows from the right side to the Vltava River. The creek is 3080 m long with a natural flow 1.9 m3 /s. The creek is affected by seven storm water drains and three rain settling tanks. The creek was monitored from April 2009 to June 2010 during this period six sampling campaign was conducted. The samples were collected from seven remote sampling points, located both upstream and downstream from the storm water drains and rain settling tanks. The impact of storm water drains was assessed based on monitoring of toxic metals content in different parts of the aquatic environments, samples of water, sediment and aquatic biota (benthic organisms and attached algae) were collected and analyzed. The sediment samples and organisms were dried by lyophilisation (freeze dry), and digested in a microwave oven using a solution of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry utilizing instrument Solaar S. Overall nine metals were identified: cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc, aluminum, manganese...
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Assessment of sediments from the Vuznice resevoir (PLA Krivoklatsko) for agricultural purposes
Cepáková, Šárka ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
The Vůznice Reservoir is located in the Protected Landscape Area Křivoklátsko. The thesis took advantage of the special possibilities to sample bottom sediment from the drained reservoir's space. The Vůznice Reservoir is discharged only exceptionally. Concentrations of heavy metals were evaluated in the sediments' samples. Given values were compared with pollution limits under current legislation of the Czech Republic for possible application of sediments on agricultural land resources. In addition, the values were compared with the U.S. EPA limits, particularly with PEC and TEC. Selected heavy metals meet the required limits of Decree No. 257/2009 Coll. placed on the sediment. Key words: toxic metals, Vuznice, bottom sediment, application of dredged sediments on land
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Changes of ecosystem loads in longitudinal profile of anthropogenic polluted river
Kohušová, Kateřina ; Tonika, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
Disertační práce Změny zátěže ekosystému v podélném profilu antropogenně ovlivněného toku Kateřina Kohušová Changes of ecosystem load in longitudinal profile of antropogenically influenced river ABSTRACT To determine anthropogenic load of the Bílina river ecosystem we monitored concentrations of selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) and specific organic substances (PAH, PCB, HCH, HCB, DDT) in three different matrices: surface water, biofilms and sediments. In the longitudinal profile of the river, four sampling profiles were determined (B1 - B4), mapping different parts of the river. The monitoring took place from 2005 to 2008. Concentrations of the substances monitored in surface water showed a decrease in load compared to the values from ten years ago. The concentrations found in surface water showed clear tendency of pollution in the longitudinal profile; the load increased downstream and profiles B3 and B4 mid- and downstream had the highest concentration. In the case of some concentrations of substances in surface water there is a trend of the majority of values being below the detection limit by the given methods of analysis. This shows a decrease of load in the river but the positive trend was invalidated by variations in maximum concentrations. Even though these variations were rare and...
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Model assessment of an influence of waste water treatment plant with GIS
Kočová, Iva ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
The subject of this thesis is a description of various types of mathematical models aimed at the spread of pollution in the river downstream and selection of the most suitable type of model and design the new one with using MATLAB. The application of the model is performed on Karlický creek, where it will be put into operation a new wastewater treatment plant Vysoký Újezd. Using the assembled model there are presented three simulation studies showing the dependence of time on the concentration of nitrate. These are: Simulation of accident of the wastewater treatment plant Vysoký Újezd Excessive intake of nitrate caused sheet erosion from adjacent agricultural land Combination of both simulations Individual studies present the effect of nitrate on the water quality in Karlický creek, which falls into two categories of protection, Český kras area and Nature Reserve Karlické údolí. The aim of the above simulation studies is to demonstrate the spread of the nitrate into the various compartments along the entire length of the watercourse, and to show the loss of the nitrate over time and to compare the effects of point and diffuse sources of pollution. The model is calibrated according to the samples taken in Karlík creek during the period from 30 June 2008 to 31.12. 2009th . The results of...
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Optimalization of the coagulation process of surface water with high content of aluminium and natural organic matter
Pivokoňská, Hana ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee) ; Pitter, Pavel (referee)
7 ABSTRACT The submitted doctoral thesis deals with the optimisation of chemical treatment process of water with the high concentration of aluminium and natural organic matter (NOM). Natural organic matter in connection with the higher concentration of natural aluminium is the common components of some surface water in the Czech Republic. The high aluminium in water reservoirs can lead to the higher concentration of residual aluminium in drinking water and then it can cause some health problems. Both of these components can be removed from drinking water by chemical treatment process based on the destabilisation and the aggregation. Chemical treatment aims at the formation of aggregates that are separable by filtration through a layer of granular media. The efficiency of the NOM and Al removal is influenced by many chemical and physical factors (the reaction conditions under which the aggregation takes place, the type and dosage of destabilisation reagent, the reaction pH value, the mean velocity gradient, and the period of its duration). For this reason it is very important to optimise the condition of water treatment. The main problem is inadvisable type and dose of the reagent and unsuitable intensity and duration of mixing. Common water treatment technologies are based only on the reagent doses...
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Impact of nitrogen on accumulation of Cs by Calla palustris
Benediktová, Eva ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
This work deals with the evaluation of Calla palustris utilization for phytoremediation and clarifying how nitrogen influences the uptake of cesium from aqueous solution. The plants were subjected to nitrogen exposure, which consisted of five different concentrations of NH4+ and NO3- and 0.5 mM CsCl, for eight days. The greatest amount of cesium (13.5%) accumulated the plants without the addition of nitrogen, the smallest amount accumulated plants with concentrations of 6: 3 (3.9%), 8: 4 (3.6%) and 10: 5 NH4NO3: NH4Cl (3.5%). Calla has proved to be suitable for phytoremediation, however with the need for longer exposure. Besides these main hypotheses it has been moreover shown that the state of plants affected the uptake of cesium and that nitrogen influenced the condition of the plant. Further it has not been observed noticeable difference in uptake of cesium in roots and stems with leaves.
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