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Former common pastures: Biodiversity refugia in the changing landscape of Central Europe.
Vosmíková, Alžběta ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
The diploma thesis evaluates the current status of former common pastures of a study area in southwestern Bohemia. The thesis aims to demonstrate the high biological value of former common pastures and determine predictors of their preservation. For this purpose, a vector layer of former common pastures containing 668 segments was created. This layer was compared with other map layers (aerial images, consolidated layer of ecosystems, Natura 2000 mapping, species database) and various field observations. A database describing a current status of former common pastures was created and 49 preserved pastures were selected, according to predetermined criteria. Comparison of data from the common pastures and the sorrounding landscape confirmed higher biological value of the pastures. They have significantly higher habitat diversity, described by frequency and composition of Natura 2000 habitats. Several ecological and descriptive parameters were tested to find predictors of pastures preservation. The results showed that signifiant predictors of the pastures preservation are ecological parameters (i.e. number of Natura 2000 habitats, number of protected species recorded in database) and also descriptive factors (i.e. size of the pastures, shape, distance from municipality). Key words: common pastures,...
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AN OUTLINE OF ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR SUMAVA NP
Dickie, I. ; Kindlmann, Pavel ; Křenová, Zdeňka
This analysis briefly compares the economic impacts of three potential future management scenarios for Sumava National Park (NP) in the Czech Republic: (1) continuation of current management, (2) the adoption of draft Bills that would declassify protected areas and enable developments within some of the Park's most valuable habitats for wildlife, (3) the adoption of proposals to expand the wilderness area in the Park's core with associated tourism opportunities. Our preliminary results indicate that the pro-wilderness scenario offers a more economically and environmentally sustainable development plan for the Sumava NP than either the current situation or the plans proposed in draft Bills. It is recommended that proposals in draft Bills should not be pursued at least until a fuller economic evaluation of options has been undertaken.
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Restoration of mires and wetlands: methods and monitorign of effectivity
Skalníková, Andrea ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Mires and wetlands are important landscape elements and therefore they should be protected carefully. The protection and restoration of wetlands has long been implemented in some Czech protected areas. This study aims to determine whether also in other areas of Central Europe are applied similar concepts revitalization of wetlands, and what results are achieved. The existing revitalization measures applied on peat bogs and their success results are reviewed at the beginning. The second part of the thesis presents the results of the questionnaire survey and analyzes questions focusing on restoration methods, monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of revitalization, and the degree of degradation of different areas. A quality of conceptual planning and different approaches to the protection and revitalization of wetlands in each country are discussed. Key words: revitalization, efficiency monitoring, peat bogs, wetlands
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Protection of secondary grasslands in the Šumava NP and PLA. Conservation monitoring of habitat changes.
Šimáčková, Pavlína ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Aj Many different methods are used to protect nature. Recently, however, the Earth Remote Sensing (RS) methods have come to the fore. An indisputable advantage is the ability to apply acquired data from RS in the GIS environment and to combine them easily with other important data about studied areas. To evaluate the change in the status of grassland Natura 2000 habitats, a manual assessment of the change of vegetation cover from orthophoto maps was chosen. In the GIS tools were used to analyses the changes in cover of target habitats in selected administrative areas of four municipalities in the Šumava NP between years 2004 and 2015. Differences in the enlargement of the built-up areas of four studied municipalities as a whole and the losses of target habitats due to development activities were studied. The results are compared with the results of similar monitoring conducted in the Krkonoše NP. Key words: Management of protected areas, secondary grasslands, rare habitats, succession, biodiversity
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Dynamics of orchid occurrence in highlands
Černocká, Veronika ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
All species of orchids are sensitive plants and records of their distribution are rare. Their rarity is related to their complex biology and their sensitivity to changes in the environment. It is necessary to pay attention to these threatened species, so that we could preserve them from extinction. For their effective protection we need to know the main causes of extinction of their localities. It is also useful to know the factors, which determine their distribution, so that we could find new localities, where they occur. In this thesis I analyzed some climatic, geographic and ecological factors in the Jeseníky mountains and their surroundings. First, I visited localities of orchids, which were registered in large databases of their presence in the past. The four most numerous species were analyzed using the program MaxEnt. Based on the revisions, existence of 2/3 of the revised localities was confirmed, 8% of the revised localities became extinct because of overgrowth or due to human intervention in the landscape. From the MaxEnt results it is clear, that for all species the most important factor at the 50 × 50 m scale, is the type of biotope and heterogeneity of the countryside. The most suitable biotopes are floodplain and wetland forests, mesophile meadows, natural scrubs, peat bogs and...
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Dynamics of orchid occurrence in South Bohemia
Kosánová, Kristina ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
Orchids are an endangered group of plants, protected both in the Czech Republic and in the whole world. Questions of their protection are therefore lively discussed, but not all factors, affecting their presence, are known so far. The purpose of this work was to find out, which environmental factors influence the existence of certain orchid species at their localities in the selected area. This is important for better protection of orchids, because only by knowing these factors we can find new sites, or improve management plans of the existing ones. Another purpose of this work was to find out what is the main reason for extinction of orchids at their historical localities and whether or not there is a possibility of finding other, yet unknown localities of these species. This thesis is based on data from databases, which were also updated during the data collection. The data were processed by computer software MaxEnt, which produces species distribution models and allows to predict potential occurrence of orchids even at yet unknown localities. This software also analyses the environmental factors affecting species presence. I found that the main reason of extinction of orchids at their historical localities was overgrowing. Main environmental factors affecting orchid occurrence were analysed for...
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Can the capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) reintroduction be successful?
Stelšovská, Lenka ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
The western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) used to be a common species in Europe but, during the last decades, the species declined rapidly in the western part of its range, i.e. in Central and Western Europe. Decreasing of the habitat quality, inappropriate forest management, climate changes, disturbing by humans (sport & tourisms) together with very only low adaptabity of this species were recognized to be the most important factors threatening Tetrao urogallus. Also predation is a very important stress factor. Numbers of reintroduction projects have been conducted in Europe to improve the situation. This study summarizes current knowledge about reintroduction projects and their effectivity. Most of the projects were not successful very much. Reintroduction projects were implemented also in the Czech Republic in 1998 - 2007 and capercaillies have been released in several regions (Šumava, Český les, Krkonoše, Jeseníky, Moravskoslezské Beskydy, and Brdy). No new populations were established. The reasons for the failure have been found in the insufficient quality of the biotopes, predation, the physiological and ethological deficiencies of the young birds and the ways of their rearing. It is possible to summarize, that the reintroduction projects seem to be low effective but they are not completely...
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Dynamics of orchid occurrence in lowlands
Štěpán, Jakub ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Křenová, Zdeňka (referee)
This thesis is about plants from the orchid family growing in 9 squares determined by KFME method with focus on the Nymburk region. This thesis describes a lowland area and its biotopes where these species can be found, including the most prominent threatening factors. Based on historical and currently available data I am actively verifying habitats with reported occurrence and by doing so I hope to create an up-to-date database of these taxa. By comparison of current state of orchid occurrence with historic data I will be able to tell more accurately the dynamics of individual populations, reasons for their decrease and suggest precautions for more efficient protection and support of these rare and endangered plant species.
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Protected areas, NP Šumava, PLA Český les, ANCOVA, socioeconomic development, border region
Pícha, Zdeněk ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
Villages occur in many Czech and central European large protected areas (LPA). Some inhabitants and local politicians occasionally publish, that occurrence of the LPA can inhibit regional development and cause negative demographic and socioeconomic changes in the region. This diploma thesis tests this assumption and studies the effect of existence and establishment of the LPA on socioeconomic parameters of villages and their inhabitants. The case study was conducted in the south-west border region of the Czech Republic, the area of high o ser atio alue. The Šu a a Natio al Park i side of alread e isti g Šu a a Protected La ds ape Area, PLA a d Český les PLA ere esta lished 99 a d 5, respectively. Also Novohradské hory PLA was proposed several times but have not been proofed till now. Statistical analysis (ANCOVA) for selected socioeconomic and demographic parameters of 39 villages and their cadasters were used to study development of the region between years 1991 - 2011. The results found the village size (number of permanent residents living in the village) to be more significant predictor for most of studied parameters than occurrence of the village in/out of the LPA. The results are discussed with results of similar studies conducted in other protected areas. Peripheral character of the border...
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