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Clinical and nursing aspects of patients treated surgically for HPV-related ofopharyngeal tumours
Báťová, Linda ; Zábrodský, Michal (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction: Oropharyngeal tumours belong to the most common malignancies situated in the head and neck area. In the past, their incidence has been associated with classical risk factors (smoking and alcohol use). In the recent years, the increase of oropharyngeal carcinomas resulting from HPV (human papilloma virus) infection incidence has been observed. The change of their aetiology also implies a number of clinical differences, the most important being a significantly better survival prognosis in patients with HPV+ carcinomas. Aims: The main goal of this thesis was to characterize correctly patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas and to identify different specifics of nursing intensive care for these patients. Methods: The quantitative prospective study involved 30 patients following their surgical treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma, hospitalised in an intensive care unit. The patients were divided into 3 groups: HPV+ non-smokers, HPV+ smokers, HPV- smokers. Results: The study confirmed the demographic differences between individual patient groups. The HPV+ non-smokers group is characterized by a lower age in average, which is significantly reflected in a reduced duration of hospital stay. In addition, opioid administration rate, infection rates and postoperative complications incidences are...
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The effect of planned bowel resection on mobility and quality of life take care
Dvořáková, Dominika ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction: Thesis is focused on monitoring of the quality of life of the patients, who undego planned bowel resection. Czech population is over a long period weighted by malign disease of colorectum. Patients with this diagnosis undergo efective procedure of surgical remove of tumour. With this surgical intervention is also connected with follow-up hospitalization at the unit of intensive care, which can be a great load for patient and can affect the return into the common life and its quality. Methodology: The methodology of the research is the monitoring study. To this study there were put these, who passed planned bowel resection because of the occurence of colorectal tumor, in the period from May 2018 - January 2019. To gain data we use the questionnaire of the quality of life (SF-36), the questionnaire evaluated anxiety status and depression (HADS), evaluating the level of fatigue (MAF), the questionnaire evaluating the basic daily activities (ADL, IADL) and tests to evaluace the physical aktivity (30-Second Chair Stand Test, 6-MWT - six minutes walking test). To compare the quality of life a the physical aktivity, we use three time periods - T1 (the period before hospitalization), T2 (the period of discharge from the hospital), T3 (the period after 3 months from the surgical intervention)....
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Multicultural communication on the intensive care unit
Korfelová, Lenka ; Kordulová, Pavla (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee) ; Lukášová Jeřábková, Lenka (referee)
(v AJ) The theme of the theses is the nursing process from the point of view of multicultural nursing care of the patient-foreigner in a critical condition admitted to the intensive care unit. Considering the rise of tourism and the number of immigrants in the CR, the increasing number of patients-foreigners can be expected. The mutual communication and the impact of ethno-cultural influence on nursing is becoming a subject of the global interest. Patients' life threatening, stress, and a necessity of prompt and swift decision-making both by patients and health care professionals play a role in the intensive care. The theoretical part of the theses explains the basic concepts associated with multicultural nursing, the legislative framework of the nursing process and the topic of communication with foreigners in an intensive care. The language barriers and ways of overcoming the barriers are defined in this part. Methodology: I chose the case study method for my bachelor theses. A case report of a French patient hospitalized in a critical condition in an intensive care unit was processed from the point of view of multicultural nursing. The basis of the work was the application of theoretical knowledge of the Transcultural Nursing Society and deep insight and understanding my own cultural values and...
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Nursing care of a dialyzed patient
Mádlová, Marcela ; Di Cara, Veronika (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
Background: Caring for dialyzed patients is demanding from several perspectives. As far as the patient is concerned, a psyche plays a big role here. Although it is a rule that patients are detailed to the hemodialysis program, some patients will not be mentally prepared for hemodialysis treatment and worsening their health condition. Some patients are mistaken with the fact that dialysis is now part of their life. A large number of patients initially have plenty of myths and misinformation about dialysis and are therefore stressed and scared at the first dialysis session. They are afraid of pain, they may be afraid of needles, and they are afraid of what is going to happen. One of the tasks of a nurse is to identify and adequately communicate with these patients, as this avoids many problems, and the patient is more likely to cope with his illness and realizes that even though their lifestyle has changed, they can still live high-quality and satisfying life. Methodology: A case study, a case study of a patient who was chosen by deliberate, purposeful selection, was used to prepare the final bachelor thesis, as this patient represents research issues, first of all inadequate education and psychological stress associated with chronic renal failure. The aim of the research was to describe and evaluate...
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Awareness among patients with limited self-sufficiency about the possibilities of home care
Svobodová, Lucie ; Lukášová Jeřábková, Lenka (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with problems of home care. At present, the whole population is aging in the Czech Republic, increasing the number of people with limited self-sufficiency. These individuals often seek help from home care services, so it is important that they know the opportunities that this service can provide. The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to find out the awareness among patients with limited self-sufficiency about the possibilities of home care. In line with the bachelor thesis topic and goal setting, I defined the following hypotheses: Hypothesis H1: I presume that more than 50 % of respondents evaluate their awareness about the possibilities of home care as insufficient. Hypothesis H2: I suppose that more than 50 % of respondents do not know who is competent to indicate home care. Hypothesis H3: I think that more than half of the respondents are not informed about the possibility of reimbursing some home care services by the health insurance company. For the bachelor thesis, the method of quantitative research was chosen. I obtained the required data using a non-standardized questionnaire of my own design. I filled out the questionnaire personally with each respondent. Respondents were patients from internal departments and hospices from unnamed Prague hospitals. All...
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ECMO in University hospital Pilsen
Zlochová, Lada ; Heczková, Jana (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
The presented dissertation concerns of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in adults within the University hospital in Pilsen. The ECMO has been used in Pilsen from 2011. The first part (theoretical one) illustrates in general the ECMO, a life saving method for a treatment of failured lungs or heart. The sites of cannulation, the management and monitoring of ECMO patient are then described. Possible complications as a result of ECMO application and its settlement are mentioned. The second part consists of a retrospective insight, which shows data of 43 ECMO patients for a period of three years 2011- 2013 in the University Hospital Pilsen and a questionary survey. The survey involves 83 non- medical healthcare workers, who are in charge of the ECMO patients, at three intensive care and resuscitation units where the ECMO is used. It finds out what do the medics know about the method. The outcome of this dissertation is a guideline of nursing care of an adult patient on ECMO and most common difficult situations and solutions, that could be faced in the course of nursing an ECMO patient. KEY WORDS ECMO support, heart failure, pulmonary failure, complication, knowledge
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The awereness of parents on ways of preventing dental caries of milk teeth
Matoušková, Kateřina ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
v AJ: The work has two parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals with the development, structure and function of teeth, and also deals with the causes of tooth caries and its complications. The next chapter focuses on the prevention of dental caries, oral hygiene, on the importance of preventive inspections, and on a proper diet. The members of the dental team are also introduced here. The final chapter of the theoretical part is focused on education and its importance. The aim of the empirical part is to assess the awareness of parents regarding the prevention of dental caries of their children and to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive dental care. The empirical part is based on a survey conducted in randomly selected kindergartens and primary schools in Prague 12 and in children's dental office located there. The respondents of the survey are parents of children aged from 3 to 14 years attending their dentists in Prague 12. Our statistical analysis is based on 204 questionnaires. The results suggest that the parents taking part in our survey are unable to fully comply with the recommendations mentioned below, and that the effectiveness of the preventive dental care of children who attend their dentists in Prague 12 is not sufficient. In conclusion, the thesis presents a...
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Problem of sepsis in the intensive care unit
Škrabánková, Hana ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to determine the microbial colonization at the injection site of central venous catheter and its possible influence to maintain the lowest incidence of catheter sepsis. The culture results of skin swabs and taken blood cultures from two groups of patients were compared with each other using qualitative analysis methods. Those were Intensive Care Unit patients with established central venous catheter. The result was the discovery of microbial colonization of the skin and the representation of different pathogenic strains at the site of a central venous catheter for both established groups. Further showed that the higher the risk of microbial colonization with symptoms of catheter sepsis was seen where patients have central venous catheter established for longer period of time and have been treated under home parental nutrition program with stoma. The recommendation is the continuous education of health professionals to act in accordance with the latest preventive treatment recommendations, and the emphasis is mainly placed on hands cleaning and disinfecting as the hands of health professionals are one of the most common and risky way of transmission of pathogenic strains with potential nosocomial infection formation. Aseptic principles must be repeatedly communicated to all...
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Preparation and Realization an Intensive Week-long Programme of Yoga Relaxation Exercises Aims to Improvement of Fine Motor Skills and Mobility of Mentally-disabled People
JANKOVCOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis deals with development of personal, but mainly physical and motor skills of people with mental disabilities by application of yoga movement therapy. My research has aimed to find out if an intensive week-long programme of yoga relaxation exercises can lead to improvement of fine motor skills, mobility, and the overall physical condition of mentally-disabled people of the 1st to 3rd level of disability. The research was conducted during the week-long school stay in nature. The participants were tested both the first and last day of their stay. The research sample was composed of six women and four men from the school for persons with special needs in Česke Budějovice. The methods utilised during the research were direct observation, evaluation and questioning to detect changes in indicators of physical condition and fine motor skills (including grasping reflexes of participants and familiarisation with new expressions). The results show positive change in these indicators. The therapy regimen resulted in the improvement in movement coordination, fine subtle skills of arms in everyday{\crq}s patient{\crq}s self-care activities; and the positive influence of yoga was also observed on psychological well-being of participants. The research project was beneficial for the participants and can serve as a model for further utilisation in the field applications of yoga exercises for people with mental disabilities.
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