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Problem solving in the last 20 years
Micková, Hana ; Heller, Daniel (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the phenomenon of problem solving focusing on last twenty years. The theoretical aim of this work is to describe issues of problem solving in the selected psychological areas as cognitive psychology, personality psychology, social psychology and applied discipline psychotherapy. In chapter "Problem solving in Cognitive Psychology" the phenomenon of problem solving and other connected terms (algorithms, heuristics, knowledge-poor problems, knowledge-rich problems, etc.) are defined. Further chapters are focused on subtopics linked to the phenomenon of problem solving: in the chapter " personality psychology " these are personality traits and types of problem solvers, in the chapter "social psychology" these are conflict as kind of problem and problem solving by small group, in the chapter "psychotherapy" these are different types of therapies focused on problem solving. In the second part of this work the research proposal is described according to the previous knowledges. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Sex Education at Schools in Czech Republic Previously and Nowadays
Šindelářová, Karolína ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Heller, Daniel (referee)
This thesis focuses on the development of sex education in schools in the Czech Republic since the early twentieth century to the present. The first part is devoted to the definition of sex education and its goals, principles, concepts and purpose. Another chapter describes the evolution of sex education in our country during the twentieth century. For this historic probe, theoretical materials about methods for the current time period were used. Next chapter deals with the current state of sex education. It offers an overview of actual approaches, trends and researches. Comprehensive view of sex education provides a chapter about actual situation of sex education in other European countries. The research proposal, which focuses on the effectiveness of systematic sex education, is included (in the final part of) this bachelor thesis. Keywords: sexuality, sex education, methods of education, primary school
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Psychology of mental experiencing in the context of self-actualisation
Balcarová, Martina ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Heller, Daniel (referee)
This work handles the development of ideas about psychology of experiencing. These phenomenons are monitored on a platform of cognitive and humanistic psychology since their formation to present status including indicators of future progression. To a large extent also benefits from the contributions of phenomenology for understanding the experience. The work combined findings from the literature with data from introspection including my own. Experience and experiencing is viewed in the context of life events and personality development. This part is followed by the concept of self-actualization. As the transition between the two parts is used outline of humanistic psychology and self-actualization as a psychological phenomenon. Attention is directed to the ideas of main representants of humanistic psychology. The work focuses on the various developmental stages of the individual and his experiencing dependent on satisfying the needs from the perspective of selected psychological theories, it includes the phenomena of flow and sensation seeking. In the last part is outlined psychological research. It consists of two parts - both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative part is made by examining a smaller number of respondents (5-7) and is focused on deeper examination of specific individuals...
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Decision making under risk and uncertainty
Kramlová, Dagmar ; Heller, Daniel (referee) ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor)
V této diplomové práci se zabývám tématem rozhodování za podmínek rizika a neurčitosti. Rozhodování, popřípadě v užším slova smyslu procesy volby" tvoří nejen všední součást duševního života, bez níž bychom nemohli zahájit den, ale i výsostnou součást té části naší psychicky, již lze chápat jako duchovní - rozhodování je výsostným projevem svobody vůle a inteligence člověka a jeho schopnosti abstrahovat od přítomného okamžiku a zaměřit se na cíl, jenž není bezprostředně a konkrétně přítomen. Konečně, nejslavnější otázka všech dob se týká právě rozhodování - " Zda být či nebýt?" Hamletovské dilema (z hlediska rozhodovací vě9y) rozpracovávám v kapitole o modelování rozhodnutí.
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Emotion in music
Mlejnek, Roman ; Heller, Daniel (referee) ; Franěk, Marek (advisor)
Relationship between music and emotion has recently become one of the major subjects of music psychology. In this paper, an overview of the most important topics in the field is given. Our own empirical findings are presented also. First, the historical and uptodate multidisciplinary perspectives are discussed. The concept of musical emotion is explained with regard to general concepts of emotion and usual musicrelated discourse. Considerable part of the study deals with different kinds of sources of emotion in music. Also, strong emotional responses to music (including the phenomenon of chills) and biological perspectives on music and emotion are mentioned and two complex models of emotional response to music are shortly described. Our own results of an investigation using an adapted questionaire conserning chills and other physical reactions show the importance of research in the field of strong emotional and physical responses to music. A supplementary methodological probe of measuring electrodermal activity during listening to music is presented.
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Some psychological characteristics of candidates for roman catholic priesthood
Hálková, Petra ; Heller, Daniel (referee) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor)
This Diploma Thesis is dealing with Roman Catholic divinity students in the Czech Republic. This research is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part includes four chapters. The first chapter contains from description of the catholic priesthoods and the place of priesthoods in the Roman Catholic Church in the Czech Republic, missions of priests and some problematical aspects of their life - i.e. the celibacy, insured identity of priests etc. In this chapter I tried to introduce the priesthood as a profession, I described some of their basic activities, tasks and conditions for their services.
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Social cognition - eleven years after
Heller, Daniel
The author deals with the development in the field of social cognition in last eleven years using the example of a monograph by M. Augoustinos and I. Walker dedicated to social cognition, published first in 1995 and trying to integrate the European and American social cognitive approaches. In 2006, these two authors published - together with the third co-author Ngaire Donaghue - the overworked monograph under the same title. In the paper, these two publications that notably influenced both the research and the teaching in the field of social cognition are compared and the development of this substantial area of psychology is characterized by the means of examples of the most important topics of social cognition (e.g. social schemas, social representations, social identity, attribution, stereotypes).
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Description, analysiss and interpretation as three types and phases of qualitative data transformation
Heller, Daniel
Data description, data analysis, and data interpretation can be understood as three types of data transformation and at the same time as three phases of this transformation. The author compares these three procedures of qualitative data transformation and points to the differences that stem from emphasizing the data description, the data analysis, and the data interpretation. The different approaches can be illustrated by examples from the field of qualitative research. The data transformation is considered to be the superior and key concept.
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Psychology as a science concerned with experience and the experience of time
Heller, Daniel
The author deals with experience as a basic psychological category and the aspect of mind complementary to behaviour. He introduces some meanings acquired by psychological concept of experience gradually in the history. Experiencing is concerned not only by the outer world but also by the state of own organism and namely the state of own mind. The special concern is given to the experiencing of time as a basic dimension of human life.
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