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Sequential and Prosodic Aspects of Conversation
Havlík, Martin ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Volín, Jan (referee) ; Zeman, Jiří (referee)
This study deals with two phenomena which are closely related to the turn-taking mechanism in conversation. These are: overlapping talk and the use of prosody in turn-taking. Prosody is linked to the formation of the transition relevance place. I point out the aspects of conversation, including prosody, which shape the transition relevance place, and also how prosody is used in the projection of turn-yielding, or turn-holding. I devote attention to three basic aspects of prosody: pitch movement, intensity movement and articulation rate. Furthermore, I analyze how overlapping turns are produced, how they proceed and how they are resolved. The characteristics of overlapping talk are influenced by the types of conversation in which they occur: while in mundane, informal conversation they can last only briefly, usually produced as a means of mutual understanding, in political debates they are often prolonged, as they are associated with the efforts of speakers to take and hold the floor.
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The ability to react to coherence disruption in communication with chatbots of czech users
Maršík, Albert ; Havlík, Martin (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
The subject of this paper is to create a terminological methodological interface for a complex description of the understanding conversation. The first task is an attempt of fusing two relevant branches of research - text syntax and conversation analysis. Text syntax describes structures larger than a sentence and brings useful remarks about links between elements in the text and its thematic progression. Conversation analysis concerns itself with interaction specifically and does so from a partially sociological perspective. It offers the especially useful notion of sequence organization. The other task for this paper is to create a conversation tool, a chatbot, that the researcher will have control over and which allows them to expose multiple speakers to an identical or at least similar conversation situation. Written communication, where human takes turns with an "artificial intelligence" has many specificities. The temporal aspect is fully substituted by chronology here. Coherence disruptions have a bigger potential to be perceived as such, because users expect technological problems, whereas in human interaction the speakers typically tend to trust each other in their motivation to communicate coherently. Nevertheless one must approach human-ai conversations in a different way than the...
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Water Management Analysis of Storage Capacity of the Vranov Reservoir
Vítková, Lucie ; Havlík, Martin (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The current persistent drought and changes in the climate system have raised water managers expert questions about how to manage water resources in the future. The manifestation of climate change in hydrological series and their influence on the magnitude of threats to the storage functions of reservoirs are more often investigated. Already today, long-term shortages of storage capacity in reservoirs lead to the introduction of special manipulations on water structures. The aim of the thesis is to perform the analysis of time series, respectively decomposition of hydrological series average annual and monthly discharges. Create extended hydrological bases using synthetic discharge series generators and develop a comprehensive analysis of storage volume without considering losses even with the introduction of losses from the water surface vapor in the UNCE RESERVOIR program. The created discharge series are compared and evaluated on the basis of statistical characteristics and reservoir storages results with the real discharge series. The practical app is conducted on the Vranov reservoir in the Dyje River Basin.
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The role of the cellular prion protein in the cells of the immune system
Havlík, Martin ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Pačes, Jan (referee) ; Pačes, Jan (referee)
Prion protein (PrPC) is connected with the origin of transmissive spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), fatal diseases that are on the molecular level based on the conversion of the cellular form of prion protein, PrPC, into the infectious form, PrPTSE. This isoform, exhibiting increased resistance against proteases and common decontamination methods, accumulates in tissues and causes degenerative damages of the central nervous system. Potential physiological function of PrPC in cells remains unclear, though many efforts have been focused on this research area in past years. Expression of PrPC was detected especially in neurons, high levels of PrPC are also present in different types of cells of immune system. Whereas some immunocompetent cells were widely examined, the relationship of PrPC with the function of others was not studied. PrPC probably plays a role in differentiation and activation of some immune cells, participates in regulation of cytokine production and other immune processes, affects grow of CD4+ T-cell population and also takes a part in formation of secondary lymphatic organs. This bachelor thesis is focused on summarization of existing knowledge describing the role of the cellular prion protein in cells of immune system, which is important also from the point of view of diagnosis...
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Extreme Case Formulations in the Research Interview
Zaepernicková, Eliška ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor) ; Havlík, Martin (referee)
The following thesis analyses the form and importance of extreme case formulations based on more than 10 research interviews. Extreme case formulations, i.e. formulations comprising expressions such as "nothing", "everything" or "noone", which present a phenomenon or a circumstance according to its minimal or maximal properties, can constitute a complication in the analysis of research interviews. This thesis expand the existing hypothesis of extreme case formulations by adding new findings, for example the bipolarity of extreme case formulations. In the analysed data, these do often occur together with different clasifiers, which either weaken (softeners) or strengthen (intensifiers) their extreme force. At the same time the following thesis broadens the research of extreme case formulations of interdisciplinary approach, which uses the findings from psychology and rhetoric. The conducted research is furthermore completed with the acoustic analysis of semantically extreme formulations, whose results show that extreme case formulations often tend to be acoustically emphasized. Keywords: extreme case formulation, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, interview, Czech
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Direct Democracy in public discussion in Czech Republic. Political actors, their proposals and political practice
Havlík, Martin ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Jüptner, Petr (referee)
The Diploma thesis will deal the main actors who support elements of direct democracy in Czech political system. Concurrently I want critically approach to their thesis and valorize its relevance, viability and potential impact for Czech society. First of all I will present each of elements of direct democracy, which are town meeting, initiative, referendum and recall. I refuse that a direct election of president or other political actor is an element of direct democracy. I classify a direct election of political actor like a synonym of representative democracy in this Diploma thesis. I will also present examples of countries like Switzerland or California, which has huge experience with using of direct democracy. Focus of my interest will be also on Scottish independence referendum and Slovak referendum about family and marriage. After this theoretical and empirical introduction I will critically approach to thesis about elements of direct democracy of Czech political actor like the Dawn of Direct Democracy, the Public Affairs, the Movement for Direct Democracy and the Czech Pirates Party, however I will mention other political actors and theirs ideas of elements of direct democracy, mainly I will mention the Czech government's proposition of law about general referendum in Czech republic. The...
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