|
|
The influence of the quality of articulation UHMWPE inserts on the lifetime of joint replacements
Fulín, Petr ; Pokorný, David (advisor) ; Koudela, Karel (referee) ; Gallo, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on the introduction with the problems of high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in orthopedics in the first part. It discusses the history, properties and processes that lead to the failure of UHMWPE joint replacement components. The experimental part validates the hypotheses expressed. It acquaints readers with the experimental verification of the effect of different types of sterilization on the oxidative stability of laboratory prepared samples and explanted UHMWPE joint replacement components using methods of infrared microscopy, electron spin resonance, mechanical tests and tests of microhardness. Other experimental measurements on a large set of explanted components of hip and knee total joint replacements validates the hypothesis that the amount of oxidative damage affects the lifespan of joint replacements. The third part of the experimental study maps the degree of oxidative damage in different places of the hip and knee joint replacements. In the final part we experimentally demonstrate the fact that the rate of oxidative damage has an effect on supramolecular structure of the UHMWPE. From the above experiments are concluded clearly defined recommendations for clinical practice, which should lead to extend the lifespan of total joints replacements in orthopaedics....
|
|
|
Bone carriers with mesenchymal stem cells
Kučera, Tomáš ; Urban, Karel (advisor) ; Repko, Martin (referee) ; Gallo, Jiří (referee)
BONE CARRIERS WITH MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS SUMMARY Thesis deals with certain issues relating to bone regeneration. It is divided into experimental and clinical part. In the experimental part is determined number, viability and proliferative ability of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the bone marrow of proximal femur of 24 female patients with hip osteoarthritis, who had already undergone a total hip arthroplasty implantation. At the same time is ascertained the incidence of osteopenia / osteoporosis in coincidence with hip osteoarthritis and their influence on the properties of mesenchymal stem cells. The final outcome is a significant prevalence of low bone density and its coincidence with hip osteoarthritis, and moreover when identical viability of mesenchymal stem cells, in bones with lower density, there is smaller number and reduced proliferative capacity of such cells. In the second phase was monitored activity of mesenchymal stem cells in selected carriers. These cells were found either in the aspirate of complete bone marrow or in monocyte concentrate. From the carriers we tested cancellous bone allograft, demineralized bone matrix, porous β-tricalcium phosphate, molded hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate. We evaluated the formation of collagen fibers and the mineralized extracellular matrix. We...
|
|
|
Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Proximal Humerus and Rotator cuff attachment : Study of Clinical Anatomy for Optimization of Shoulder Arthroplasty Implantation
Hromádka, Rastislav ; Pokorný, David (advisor) ; Gallo, Jiří (referee) ; Zach, Petr (referee)
The thesis describes the anatomical study, which has been taken place at Orthopedic Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital and at Institute of Anatomy 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague from 2002 till 2009. The study was focused on the area of the upper part of the humerus in order to measure spatial relationships among anatomical structures, especially attachments of rotator cuff muscles to optimize implantation arthroplasty of shoulder joint. Clinico-anatomical study, which results were published in 2010, was also based at measuring angular relations of structures proximal humerus. The proximal humerus was marked by 29 points on the cortical bone, which defined the position of the medial margin of the greater tubercle, the lateral margin of the lesser tubercle, bicipital groove, the crest of greater tubercle and to define position of the proximal humeral metaphyseal axis and anatomical neck. Measurements were carried out in the transversal planes and the measurement method was developed on the reconstruction and the spatial definition of basic axes (axis of humeral head and axis of proximal humeral shaft) with the optimized number of reference points of anatomical neck and cortical bone of proximal humeral shaft. Angles between the axis of the head...
|
|
|
Polyethylene wear particles around joint replacements - their properties, distribution and possible mechanism of their adverse biological effects
Zolotarevová, Eva ; Gallo, Jiří (advisor) ; Rauch, Pavel (referee) ; Horák, Zdeněk (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY PRAGUE 2010 Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Jiří Gallo, PhD. Supervisor-consultant: Prof. RNDr. Gustav Entlicher, CSc. Eva Zolotarevová Summary of PhD Thesis POLYETHYLENE WEAR PARTICLES AROUND TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENTS - THEIR PROPERTIES, DISTRIBUTION AND POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF THEIR ADVERSE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS PRAGUE 2010 The research project was supported by the Grant project of National research program II. (no. 2B06096) of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports named "Observation and minimization of UHMWPE wear in joint replacements". Front-page picture: Polyethylene wear particle isolated from granuloma tissue surrounding total hip replacement; Electron microscope microphotograph; particle size app. 90 x 80 µm; retouched Eva Zolotarevová Introduction Introduction For many people all over the world a replacement with an implant of irreversibly damaged joint is often the only way how to come back to normal life without pain and mobility limitation. Nowadays, greater and greater requirements are asked of quality of all replacement components, especially in terms of quality of used materials. Biomechanical properties of hip and knee replacements have been already solved. The most often used materials for manufacturing joint...
|
|
|
Computer Assisted Deformity Correction using the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF)
Ganger, Rudolf ; Dungl, Pavel (advisor) ; Gallo, Jiří (referee) ; Poul, Jan (referee)
The management of multiapical and multidirectional deformities of the lower limb due to different aetiologies is still a challenging task for the orthopaedic surgeon. Internal fixation techniques for deformity correction are normally combined with open osteotomies and acute correction. For complex deformities these methods are restricted by several factors, particularly when additional leg length discrepancy has to be corrected. (...) Different modes of the software program are available; the Total Residual Program is most helpful. Despite using the same principles for callus distraction as the Ilizarov device, the computer-operated TSF allows a great number of advantages: The handling of the frame is less time consuming, no difficult changes of hinges are necessary. The duration of the correction time is predictable due to the prescription site, and what's most important the results of treatment are more accurate than the Ilizarov device as shown in a study. In 1999 at the Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising we started to change from the Ilizarov system to the Taylor Spatial Frame for treatment of complex deformities and leg lengthening. From June 1999 to February 2009 we were able to perform correction of 501 segments with the TSF- system. The patients suffered from congenital and hereditary disorders...
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.