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Impact of habitat loss on anuran diversity in different parts of Serra do Mar, the largest remnant of Mata Atlantica, SE Brazil
Holer, Tomáš ; Hejcmanová, Pavla (vedoucí práce) ; Solský, Milič (oponent)
Mata Atlantica is one of the ancient forests. It is one of the five South American biodiversity hotspots. In the recent time, over 90% percent of this rich and unique biome has been lost. This loss and huge fragmentation of the forest, resulted in a decrease and extinction of many populations of endemic species of plants and animals. Over 450 amphibian species lives in the Atlantic forest of which 60% are endemic. My research area was localized inside one of the largest Atlantic forest fragments, Serra do Mar, in the buffer area of Serra da Bocaina National Park, Brazil. Aims of these thesis were to identify the anuran diversity in the abovementioned area, estimate species habitat preferences and compare the preferred habitat map of the three model species, with their distribution maps available on their IUCN Red List account. The methodology consisted of two parts. Three line transects were placed in three different forest parts and elevations. Three night and three day surveys were done on each transect by three people. Second part was non-invasive species identification on five selected breeding ponds in the research area. During my research, 31 species of frogs were recorded and 27 of them were identified, belonging to 8 families. Hylidae (16), Hylodidae (1), Bufonidae (2), Odontophrynidae (3), Craugastoridae (1), Brachycephalidae (3), Leptodactylidae (4), Centrolenidae (1). None of those frogs are endangered according to their IUCN Red List status (1 Data Deficient, rest Least Concern). After revision and re-estimation of three model species (Aplastodiscus callipygius, Cruz and Peixoto, 1985, Adenomera marmorata, Steindachner, 1867, Haddadus binotatus, Spix, 1824) distribution maps, according to their preferred habitat, using distribution maps available on IUCN Red List, It has been found, that the endanger status of many species of frogs is most likely underestimated. Results of this thesis suggest, that large-scale research should be conducted, to get more knowledge of Mata Atlantica amphibians, to understand their behavior and ecology and through the knowledge find the way how to protect them.
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Soils in Africa as source of mineral nutrition for large herbivores
Stoklasová, Lucie ; Hejcmanová, Pavla (vedoucí práce) ; Pavlů, Vilém (oponent)
Abstract
The aim of this study under the topic, Soils in Africa as source of mineral nutrition for large herbivores was to analyze soil in two reserves in Senegal. The first one was the Bandia reserve and the second one was the Fathala reserve. At these reserves a concervation program of Western Derby Eland (Taurotragus derbianus) is been run by Czech university of Life Sciences in Prague. The purpose of this research was to find out if these soils can be used as source of minerals for large herbivores practicing geophagy. This phenomen of deliberate ingestion of soil is well documented among wild animals and also among humans. The animals were observed eating soil in the past and in Bandia reserve artifical mineral licks are provided. They are many important factors that are considered for animals which eat soil. Three major ones that were tested include mineral concentrations, pH and clay content. Mineral concentrations were tested by the use of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, pH was tested by soil pH meter and clay content was established by particle size distribution analysis. Suitability of soil was fulfilled just in two of the factors which are clay content and pH. Mineral concentrations were found to be too low to supply animals needs. It was also proved that there is signifiant difference in soil characteristics between different habitats (dry and wet) and reserves.
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Obsah živin v jehlicích hlavních dřevin ve vztahu k potravní ekologii velkých býložravců v Evropě
Köhlerová, Markéta ; Hejcmanová, Pavla (vedoucí práce) ; Holá, Michaela (oponent)
Cílem bakalářské práce bylo stanovit obsah hlavních makroprvků a vlákniny v jehlicích pěti původních dřevin (Taxus .baccata, Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba,Picea.abies, Larix decidua) s ohledem na výživu zvěře a z hlediska potravních zdrojů zvěře. Zjistit, jestli se liší obsahově v makroprvcích živin podle různého věku jehlic. Jednotlivými cíli dále bylo zjistit za prvé, liší-li se obsahy makroprvků a vlákniny mezi jednotlivými druhy dřevin a za druhé liší-li se obsahy makroprvků a vlákniny mezi ročníky jehličí. Jednoleté jehličí má vyšší obsah makroprvků a nižší obsah vlákniny než dvouleté. Teoretická část se věnuje herbivorům a jejich potravní strategii. . Bylo vybráno pět původních jehličnanů Evropy: P. sylvestris, P.abies, A.alba, L.decidua a T.baccata. Vybraly se čtyři lokality Mšeno, Nové Strašecí, Oldřichov v Hájích a Příbramsko, ve kterých se sbíraly vzorky jehličnanů. Po usušení vzorků v sušárně se prováděly laboratorní testy, podle kterých bylo následně provedeno statistické vyhodnocení. Samotné vyhodnocení bylo zaměřeno na obsahy makroprvků N, P, K, Ca a Mg. Dále se zkoumaly poměry N:P, Ca:N a K/(Ca+Mg) a ADF, NDF a ligninu. Výsledky ukázaly, že jednoleté jehličí má vyšší obsah makroprvků a nižší obsah vlákniny než jehličí dvouleté. Nejvyšší hodnoty obsahu makroprvků a vlákniny měl T.baccata, podobné výsledky měl P.abies a P.sylvestris. Z výsledků vyplývá, že škody okusem jsou náchylnější jehličnany Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris a Abies alba.
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