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Impact of habitat loss on anuran diversity in different parts of Serra do Mar, the largest remnant of Mata Atlantica, SE Brazil
Holer, Tomáš ; Hejcmanová, Pavla (vedoucí práce) ; Solský, Milič (oponent)
Mata Atlantica is one of the ancient forests. It is one of the five South American biodiversity hotspots. In the recent time, over 90% percent of this rich and unique biome has been lost. This loss and huge fragmentation of the forest, resulted in a decrease and extinction of many populations of endemic species of plants and animals. Over 450 amphibian species lives in the Atlantic forest of which 60% are endemic. My research area was localized inside one of the largest Atlantic forest fragments, Serra do Mar, in the buffer area of Serra da Bocaina National Park, Brazil. Aims of these thesis were to identify the anuran diversity in the abovementioned area, estimate species habitat preferences and compare the preferred habitat map of the three model species, with their distribution maps available on their IUCN Red List account. The methodology consisted of two parts. Three line transects were placed in three different forest parts and elevations. Three night and three day surveys were done on each transect by three people. Second part was non-invasive species identification on five selected breeding ponds in the research area. During my research, 31 species of frogs were recorded and 27 of them were identified, belonging to 8 families. Hylidae (16), Hylodidae (1), Bufonidae (2), Odontophrynidae (3), Craugastoridae (1), Brachycephalidae (3), Leptodactylidae (4), Centrolenidae (1). None of those frogs are endangered according to their IUCN Red List status (1 Data Deficient, rest Least Concern). After revision and re-estimation of three model species (Aplastodiscus callipygius, Cruz and Peixoto, 1985, Adenomera marmorata, Steindachner, 1867, Haddadus binotatus, Spix, 1824) distribution maps, according to their preferred habitat, using distribution maps available on IUCN Red List, It has been found, that the endanger status of many species of frogs is most likely underestimated. Results of this thesis suggest, that large-scale research should be conducted, to get more knowledge of Mata Atlantica amphibians, to understand their behavior and ecology and through the knowledge find the way how to protect them.
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