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Psychosocial Problems in Pregnant Women : Anxiety and Fear during Pregnancy
Tisová, Markéta ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
This theoretical and empirical work addresses experience with anxiety and fear during pregnancy of primiparae. In the theoretical part the pregnancy is defined. Physical, psychical and social changes are described as well as adjustment of women to pregnancy. Further on there are general characteristics of the concept of anxiety and fear with their demonstrations and results. In the next part there is the description of anxiety and fear in pregnancy, their reasons, possible demonstrations and results of anxiety and fear in pregnancy. The research project of my graduation work was focused at the detection of how far the primiparae experience fear and anxiety during pregnancy and what reasons and cause are indicated. We tried to find out if there are any correlations between fear and anxiety in pregnant women and if there is any possibility to estimate in advance which group of women would experience fear and anxiety more. We also tried to find out what helps the pregnant women to get rid of these fears and anxiety or how can these feelings be reduced and if there is any possibility to prevent these feelings. Next we wanted to know how the primiparae get the information about pregnancy and which information is considered most appropriate.
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Masaryk`s Home
Al-Hiti, Tereza ; Jurásková, Dana (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
The story of the former Masaryk's Home in Prague documents the progress in social and health care in Czechoslovakia. Three medallions acquaint the reader with personalities closely connected with the fate of Masaryk's Homes: those of President Thomas G. Masaryk (1850 - 1937), prof. J. Thomayer (1853 - 1927) and Ing. Arch. Dr. Bohumír Kozák (1885 - 1978).
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Gynaecological Problems which Occur in Little and Teenage Girls
Umlaufová, Ilona ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
In this master thesis we have been concerned with gynaecological problems which occur with little and teenage girls. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part we have tried to highlight the differences which concern with a child's organism. It is necessary to be aware of the fact that a child's patient is not an adult one. There are also described most often gynecological illnesses of the child's age and basic investigation methods used in child's gynaecology. The closing of the theoretical part is devoted to psychosocial aspects in particular age-periods and family education at basic schools and secondary grammar schools. The empirical part is focused on the research. It was carried out at basic schools and a secondary grammar school. Our aim was to obtain information in what way girls are informed in the sphere of sexual education. The result is that the prevalent majority of girls at the age of 13-15 have good background knowledge in sexual education.
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Therapeutic Stress and Psychosocial Aspects of Patients with Gangrene of Lower Extremities
Krajcová, Markéta ; Klevetová, Dana (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
The diploma thesis is concerned with the questions of patient therapeutic stress and of patient psychosocial aspects of leg dismemberment in consequence of gangrene. The theoretical part mentions basic facts about the occasion of lower limb gangrene creation, diagnostics and medication of this serious disease. The following part features psychosocial aspects of the patients and outlines the questions of basic human needs and patient values, in the context of the lower limb gangrene disease. The empirical part of the thesis results from the established objectives. The methodology uses a questionnaire investigation and processes information from clinical records of 52 respondent group. The objective of the diploma thesis is to assess the questions of psychosocial aspects in context of patient therapeutic stress. The thesis observes whether an early amputation can improve the quality of patient's life, whether the psychosocial aspects are decisive for the quality of life, and observes the patient awareness. It has been discovered that 25 % of the respondents underwent a low amputation, 55.8 % underwent an amputation under the knee and 19.2 % underwent an in-femur amputation. The average duration of gangrene medication was 2.3 month (of which 1.4 month ambulatory), of the amputated end healing was 3 months and...
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Some Aspects of Communication with a Blind Patient
Šmídová, Lenka ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
This diploma work deals with some aspects of the communication with sight disabled patients. The theoretical part is dedicated to the problems of a sight disability, general definition of a communicational idea and and communicational specialities of sight disabled patients. It describes some particular sight defects, psycho - social aspects of a sight disability and it also deals with a training of generally educated nurses, nurses with a diploma and health assistants for a work with sight disabled people. In an experimental part the diploma work makes an inquiry of sight disabled people when visiting Health Centers and on the contrary the experience of nurses with these patients. For this research work two questionaires were made and used. One of the questionaires was used for sight disabled people, another one for nurses. Two experimantal groups consisted of 104 sight disabled people and 100 nurses working in outpatients department. From this research it is perceptable that all the nurses working at all the health workplaces should know how to work with sight disabled people.The research proved that the problems appear in dealing nurses with patients, these problems concern especially the nurses lack of effort to solve the situation with a companion or an unsuitable accompaniment. Sight disabled people...
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Dyspnoea
Němečková, Helena ; Chloubová, Helena (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
The theoretical part of the diploma work has been influenced by the literature available, I describe briefly the physiology and pathology of breathing, the characteristics and divisions of dyspnoea, the feelings of those suffering from acute or chronic dyspnoea, nursing diagnosis, nurse evaluation, therapy and at the end some recommendation to improve the life quality of the patients suffering from dyspnoea. The research aim was to find out how the patients perceive breathlessness, how it affects their lives, what measures they take to influence or reduce it and what factors influence their breathing. I came into conclusion that the 27 asked patients/clients mainly feel the lack of air and fear. Chronic dyspnoea is often accompanied by the feeling of powerlessness. Surprisingly, dyspnoea hasn't been the cause of sleep disorder although it often is the reason for effort reduction and it worsens the life quality of the patients. In spite of the fact almost one half of the patients hasn't been forced to change the regime. The influence of the physical activities proved to be unambiguous. In general, dyspnoea is accompanied by unpleasant feelings which depend on the time, it can impair sleep, it changes the life quality forcing the person to reduce physical activity and in acute case to have total physical rest.
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The Prevention of AIDS in the Czech Republic
Štěpánková, Jana ; Tomanová, Alena (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
In my thesis I dealt with the problems of AIDS in the Czech Republic bearing in mind the need of the society to inform young people effectively about AIDS and at the same time to influence their attitudes, skills and behaviour. The aim of my work was to map all the alternative teaching methods in AIDS prevention that would be suitable for pupils of the 9th grade of the Nine-Year-Basic School and for pupils of the 1st and 2nd year in High Schools. In the theoretical part of my paper I have described, with the help of literary sources, the AIDS disease, sex education, activation methods in sex education, the project "Playing Games against AIDS", a discussion with a HIV positive person and meetings with young members of the Czech Red Cross. In the practical part of my paper I have tried to find out, by means of a questionnaire, what do 125 secondary school pupils know about AIDS and what are their attitudes towards this disease. The results have shown that the theoretical knowledge of the pupils about HIV/AIDS is not satisfactory and that their attitudes, skills and behaviour have been influenced only slightly. The results of the questionnaire have underlined the important role of teachers in the prevention of AIDS and shown that alternative teaching methods are not being used sufficiently. Finally I have...
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Indicators of the Quality of Nursing as Part of the Systems of the Quality Management in a Health Institution
Kárníková, Pavla ; Jurásková, Dana (advisor) ; Marková, Eva (referee)
One of the components influencing the evaluation of health care quality done by a patient is nurse care. This mainly depends on nurses themselves. This issue is addressed in the diploma thesis by Be Pavla Kárníková called "Indicators of the Quality of Nursing as part of the Systems of the Quality Management in a Health Institution". The aim of this thesis is to chart the scope of quality monitoring in health institutions situated in the Czech Republic. The knowledge of national indicators and standards has been examined as well as their influence on the overall quality of nurse care. The first part is theoretical and is dealing with historical developement of quality managent systems. Consequently, selected systems and their application in public health are observed. At the end of this part there is a brief characteristic and description of benefits concerning individual programmes. The following part is focused on the nursing quality and methods of its monitoring and evaluation. The important question is the choice of indicators and their placement into the procedure of quality assessment. Furthermore, individual indicators and basic process of their monitoring are described. The research into this issue was accomplished in selected hospitals within the framework of this thesis. The research was composed...
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