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Diagnostics of septic condition - blood culture. Comparison of costs of clasic blood cultures and automated blood culture systems
Plšková, Martina ; Kopecký, Otakar (referee) ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor)
Author: Martina Plšková Title: Diagnostics of septic condition - blood culture. Comparison of costs of clasic blood cultures and automated blood culture systems. Bachelor's work Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: medical laboratory technician The aim of the study: The aim of the study was to outline the issue of septic affections, to find out a percentage representation of bacterial species in positive blood cultures and to evaluate the costs of blood cultures processing. Methods: Economical comparison of two methods of blood cultures processing - the traditional manual method and the automated blood culture system Bactec 9050. Results: The result of the examination was that samples processing using the automated blood culture system Bactec 9050 is benefitial not only from the economical point of view and that the representation of bacterial species in positive blood cultures is consistent with the results of other authors. Conclusions: Automated blood culture systems bring improvement of diagnostics of septic affections and accelerated identification of bacterial agents. This is important for early initiation of antibiotic therapy.
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Biochemical identification of Enterobacteriaceae ? Development and comparison of methods.
Červenková, Martina ; Vacková, Jana (referee) ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor)
Autor: Martina Červenková Title: Biochemical identification of Enterobacteriaceae - development and comparison of methods. Bachelor's thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Course of study: medical laboratory technician Objective of the thesis: The topic of the thesis is to describe and simultaneously compare the most important biochemical methods used for diagnosis of Enterobacteriaceae. The emphasis is put mainly on the development and progress in the field of microbiology. Key findings: Biochemical tests are now performed mainly automatically. The advantages of the automated form of diagnosis are simplicity, speed, increased sensitivity and accuracy, and a reduced need for sample quantity. The main disadvantages are incomplete database of microorganisms and the inability to test sensitivity to all antibiotics. Conclusion: Despite the far reaching development of molecular biological methods, biochemical tests still have an important role in the identification of Enterobacteriaceae.
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Antimicrobial effect of antidepressants. II.
Jánošík, Petr ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
We've investigated the in vitro synergistic antibacterial potential of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine and fluoxetine) and antibiotics (represented by tetracycline and nalidixine). Activity has been measured against four bacterial CCM strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and eight tetracycline-resistant strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Synergy tests were performed using checkerboard method. We've observed growth or growth inhibition of bacteria, marked the "border" points area out and converted these points to values of relative concentrations in a graph. According to the under-graph area we've counted the CRIC. This coefficient has shown us the type of antibacterial interaction of the SSRI and antibiotics. In most cases we have observed addition of antimicrobial activity of the SSRI and antibiotics (either CCM strains or tetracycline-resistant strains), sometimes indifference and in rare cases also synergism (tetracycline- -paroxetine and tetracycline-fluoxetine against E. coli 2468, nalidixine-fluoxetine against S. aureus CCM, tetracycline-fluoxetine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 421). We have observed a decrease of resistance to tetracycline only in one case (tetracycline-paroxetine against E....
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Laboratory diagnosis of Candida infections
Vejsová, Marcela ; Buchta, Vladimír (advisor) ; Mencl, Karel (referee) ; Hamal, Petr (referee)
Pathogenic Candida species represent the most common fungal etiology of human opportunistic infections, particularly among hospitalized patients. After decades of increasing morbidity and mortality of candidiasis, the proportion of Candida infections had become to stop and the shift of spectrum of Candida species has started to be evident. Apart from a predominating position of C. albicans, there is a growing number of non-albicans Candida species (e.g. C. glabrata, C. tropicalis) as causative agents of yeast infections. Mycologists are faced up new challenges of rapid detection and precise identification of fungal isolates including antifungal susceptibility evaluation. Goal of the study was to confirm usefulness of rapid tests in laboratory diagnostics of C. albicans and elaborate an alternative method of classical germ tubes test in serum. The results of experiments showed the use of chromogenic media useful and reliable as well as the test of induction of germ tubes. The comparative tests showed that serum can be replaced with chemically defined NYP medium without loss of high of specificity and sensitivity of the test. Main part of experiments was focused on optimalization of methodology of in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing. Etest and disk diffusion test are very reliable tests for...
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Antimicrobial effect of antidepressants. I.
Marečková, Helena ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
1 Abstract Several years ago antimicrobial activity was describe for psychotropic drugs against wide groups of microorganisms. Recently it was found that one class of them, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), has in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity. In this study the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of two SSRI (paroxetine and fluoxetine) against various strains of Candida spp. (Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis), Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichosporon beigelii using a broth microdilution test were investigated. The most susceptible fungal organism was Saccharomyces cerevisiae - fluoxetine (MIC 15,6µg/ml) and paroxetine (MIC 31,25µg/ml). In the second part of our study we tested combination of some antifungal agents (amphotericin B, fluconazole and flucytosine) with paroxetine and fluoxetine using checkerboard method. Activity was measured against two strains Candida albicans, one strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae and three auxotrophic strains Candida albicans (CA-SC, CA-BWOZ, CA-BWP), depended on uridine. For fluconazole testing we used six fluconazole-resistant strains Candida spp. in addition. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes ranged between 0,5 and 2,4 for the various combinations and various...
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Study of morphological and physiological aspects of Candida albicans growth in the relation to human hormones.
Vaculíková, Petra ; Buchta, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
1. ABSTRACT Vaginal infection caused by yeasts is very frequent complication of women in fertile age.. One the most important predisposed factor are considered sexual hormones, especially estardiol. The results of clinical observations shows that this infection often occurs in women during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle, when estrogen and progesteron levels are elevated. We studied antifunal effect of sexual hormones on the growth of Candida albicans in combination with antifungal drugs. We used six clinical strains of Candida albicans from the patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. A combination of one antifungal drug (fluconazole, amphotericin B, flucytosine) with a hormone (testosterone, progesterone, estradiol) was tested in all these strins. The results expressed as MIC of these combinations of hormone and antifungals were determined visually and spectrophotometrically. The best combination in terms of antifungal activity in vitro was amfotericin B with progesterone which showed addition. In contrast, combinations of flukonazol with all hormones were indifferent or antagonistic.
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Evaluation of usage nutritional supplements in the pregnancy.
Rathouská, Jana ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee) ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor)
The assessment of dietary supplements income during pregnancy Nutritional needs are increased during pregnancy. Changes of hormonal levels induce alterations of physical and psychical status. Blood volume is increased and maternal metabolism is adjusted to ensure nutrition necessary for the right development of fetus. Requirements for energy, vitamins and minerals intake are increased. Requirements for micronutrients are rather specific, often the intake from food is not sufficient and supply by means of dietary supplements is necessary. Convenient structure of nutrition promotes physiological growth and development of fetus, reduces the risk of congenital malformations, prematurity labour, low birth weight and also protects mother's health. Objectives: To determine the intake of vitamin-mineral supplements by pregnant women, type of supplement (single-micronutrient or multivitamin-mineral supplementation), micronutrients most ingested, intake of supplements before- and during pregnancy and mother's supplementation in relation to the newborn anthropometrics measurements. Methods: Mothers completed a particular questionnaire about their supplementation. To record the whole course of pregnancy, the questionnaire was given to mothers every visit of prenatal care clinic, thus gestational ages < 20, 21-29, 30-36...
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Antimicrobial effect of photocatalytically effective metal compounds.
Ľupták, Peter ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (advisor)
1 Abstract. ĽUPTÁK, P. Antimicrobial effect of photocalatic effective compounds of metals. Diploma work. Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 2009. Field of study: Pharmacy, Background This diploma work is aimed at testing antimicrobial activity coatings on the basis of photocalytic effect of nano particles of metal dioxides. In the coats tested active nano particles of tantium dioxide alone or with zinc oxide were used. Methods In this work we have developed a methodics, which is in the experimental part. The methodics contains three ways, in which the coats have been mutually compared on the basis of activation of UV-VIS radiation: A method of in advance radiated coats with antimicrobial activity for three hours. A method of radiation of the coats with antimicrobial activity with applied suspension. A method of radiation of coats in advance with microbial activity for various time periods. The effectiveness have been tested on five microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococus auereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacilus subtilis and Candida albicans as the representative of eukaryotic organisms. Results At all methods G- microorganisms were more sensitive, which showed the sensitivity even without UV-VIS radiation. After longer time periods of contact G+ organisms were well...
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection - incidence in east-czech region in years 2005-2007.
Kudelová, Michaela ; Ryšková, Olga (referee) ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor)
Objective: The work investigated occurrence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in east - Czech region in years 2005 - 2007. Patients: The sera obtained from 6965 patients in all ages that were cure in hospital in Hradec Kralove. The patients' sera examined by serological method which is called ELISA. Results: In years 2005 - 2007 9,3 % (648/6965) patients fell ill of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The most occurrence of infection was in year 2006 (11 %). We didn't observe epidemic. Children 5 - 14 years old (46,1 %) and adolescents to 25 years old (31,9 %) were most frequent patients. We observed complications in 13,9 % cases, the most frequent were neurological complications (meningitis and neuropathy) and gastro - intestinal complications (diarrhoea, nausea and hepatitis). Conclusion: Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause 9,3 % of infections. Complications were observed in 13,9 % cases of infection. Macrolide antibiotics are used in treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection; tetracycline and fluorochinolone antibiotics are alternative to cure.
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