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Study on the transport of humic acids through the plant cuticles
Smilková, Marcela ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on foliar fertilization. It is nowadays one of the most widespread types of application of commercial fertilizers. Concern of this thesis is the study of plant cuticles as a thin layer on the leaves. These thin membranes are responsible for regulation of water transport and nutrients. Further function of plant cuticles is the mechanical protection of the outer part of the plant. Plant cuticles were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, classical optical microscopy and profilometry. The main aim of this thesis is the optimization and verification of experimental methodology aimed to the transport of commercial humic product through plant cuticles by simple diffusion techniques. The results obtained by presented diffusion techniques of humic product through plant cuticles were correlated with the same diffusion experiments through synthetic membranes with defined pore size and density. The study on transport of commercial humic product was realized in hydrogel medium by two different diffusion methods – non-stationary diffusion technique and diffusion couple. The important part of this diploma thesis is the characterization of supported hydrogel matrix by rheology tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanned electron microscopy. Conclusions of this diploma thesis could be used for improving of efficiency of foliar fertilization.
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Hydrogels made of biopolymers for agricultural and environmental applications
Ondruch, Pavel ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on development and characterization of hydrogel materials for agricultural use. In the experimental section, different methods of preparing these materials were designed and optimized according to previous literature review. In the characterization of resulting materials, the main attention was paid to the kinetics of swelling, to the solubility, the leaching of nitrate and of humic compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis represented another important characterization technique, which provided information about the content and form of water bound in the material. The development of the material aimed mainly at an agricultural application providing the delivery of nutrients to soil and regulation of water content in soil.
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Organomineral gel as a new concept of structural and colloidal characterization of soils
Kundera, Ondřej ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this study is the organomineral gel contained in soil, mainly the characterization using electron microscopy and available analytical methods like IR-spectrometry, thermal analysis, X-ray crystallography and emission spectrometry. The knowledge from this study may help to define function and significance of this gels to soils and nature. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with soil, humic substances and minerals occurring in soils. The experimental part solves especially the structure and further characterization of organomineral gels.
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Influence of the Application of Lignite on the Distribution of Organic Carbon in Soil
Širůček, David ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on optimization of sequential chemical fractionation method to humeomics in order to be useful for determination of organic matter content and distribution and also organic elements in soil. Subsequently, the optimized method is used to assess the efect of lignite application as soil support on these soil characteristics. For these purposes, there were three source matrices of organic matter (lignite, soil and annual soil extraction after lignite application) fractionated by sequential chemical analysis. In parallel, these samples were also fractionated by classic alkaline extraction to obtain the so-called extractable fraction of organic matter (NOM). Individual fractions from sequential chemical fractionation as well as NOM samples were characterized by methods of elemental analysis (determination of organic elements), thermogravimetry (contents of ash, organic matter and moisture) and FTIR spektrometry (structural analysis). The results obtained from a large range of data from all humeomics fractions and NOM fractions showed that the method of sequential chemical fractionation gives higher yields of organic matter compared to classic alkaline extraction. Another indisputable advantage is the fact that the obtained fractions divided according to solubility and strenght of binding to soil inorganics can be better characterized by physical-chemical methods, which provides more detailed information about soil organic matter. The results of the work also show that in order for lignite as a support substance to significantly affect soil properties, a longer time, multiple sampling and repetition of individual fractionations would be needed.
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Influence of the Application of Lignite on the Distribution of Organic Carbon in Soil
Širůček, David ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on optimization of sequential chemical fractionation method to humeomics in order to be useful for determination of organic matter content and distribution and also organic elements in soil. Subsequently, the optimized method is used to assess the efect of lignite application as soil support on these soil characteristics. For these purposes, there were three source matrices of organic matter (lignite, soil and annual soil extraction after lignite application) fractionated by sequential chemical analysis. In parallel, these samples were also fractionated by classic alkaline extraction to obtain the so-called extractable fraction of organic matter (NOM). Individual fractions from sequential chemical fractionation as well as NOM samples were characterized by methods of elemental analysis (determination of organic elements), thermogravimetry (contents of ash, organic matter and moisture) and FTIR spektrometry (structural analysis). The results obtained from a large range of data from all humeomics fractions and NOM fractions showed that the method of sequential chemical fractionation gives higher yields of organic matter compared to classic alkaline extraction. Another indisputable advantage is the fact that the obtained fractions divided according to solubility and strenght of binding to soil inorganics can be better characterized by physical-chemical methods, which provides more detailed information about soil organic matter. The results of the work also show that in order for lignite as a support substance to significantly affect soil properties, a longer time, multiple sampling and repetition of individual fractionations would be needed.
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Organomineral gel as a new concept of structural and colloidal characterization of soils
Kundera, Ondřej ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this study is the organomineral gel contained in soil, mainly the characterization using electron microscopy and available analytical methods like IR-spectrometry, thermal analysis, X-ray crystallography and emission spectrometry. The knowledge from this study may help to define function and significance of this gels to soils and nature. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with soil, humic substances and minerals occurring in soils. The experimental part solves especially the structure and further characterization of organomineral gels.
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Study on the transport of humic acids through the plant cuticles
Smilková, Marcela ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on foliar fertilization. It is nowadays one of the most widespread types of application of commercial fertilizers. Concern of this thesis is the study of plant cuticles as a thin layer on the leaves. These thin membranes are responsible for regulation of water transport and nutrients. Further function of plant cuticles is the mechanical protection of the outer part of the plant. Plant cuticles were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, classical optical microscopy and profilometry. The main aim of this thesis is the optimization and verification of experimental methodology aimed to the transport of commercial humic product through plant cuticles by simple diffusion techniques. The results obtained by presented diffusion techniques of humic product through plant cuticles were correlated with the same diffusion experiments through synthetic membranes with defined pore size and density. The study on transport of commercial humic product was realized in hydrogel medium by two different diffusion methods – non-stationary diffusion technique and diffusion couple. The important part of this diploma thesis is the characterization of supported hydrogel matrix by rheology tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanned electron microscopy. Conclusions of this diploma thesis could be used for improving of efficiency of foliar fertilization.
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|
|
Hydrogels made of biopolymers for agricultural and environmental applications
Ondruch, Pavel ; Záhora, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on development and characterization of hydrogel materials for agricultural use. In the experimental section, different methods of preparing these materials were designed and optimized according to previous literature review. In the characterization of resulting materials, the main attention was paid to the kinetics of swelling, to the solubility, the leaching of nitrate and of humic compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis represented another important characterization technique, which provided information about the content and form of water bound in the material. The development of the material aimed mainly at an agricultural application providing the delivery of nutrients to soil and regulation of water content in soil.
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Vliv hospodářských zásahů na změnu v biologické rozmanitosti ve zvláště chráněných územích: Vliv různých managementových zásahů na vegetaci vřesovišť v Národním parku Podyjí II.
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Ústav půdoznalství a mikrobiologie, Brno ; Masarykova univerzita v Brně, Přírodovědecká fakulta, katedra botaniky, Brno ; Botanický ústav AV ČR, Průhonice, pracoviště Brno ; Záhora, Jaroslav ; Chytrý, Milan ; Tůma, Ivan ; Holub, Petr ; Sedláková, Iva
V roce 1992 byly založeny pokusy, které měly ověřit, zda vypalování, kosení a odstraňování drnů jako tradiční typy managementu západoevropských vřesovišť povedou k obnově a zmlazení vřesovišť v NPR Podyjí. Dále bylo v roce 2000 založeno 30 nových ploch na studium vlivu pastvy a kosení. Od roku 2000 je také sledována dynamika mikrobiálních transformací dusíků v půdě, rychlost rozkladu opadu a efektivita využití N a P rostlinami. V roce 2001 byly na vřesoviště naistalovány srážkoměry.
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Vliv hospodářských zásahů na změnu v biologické rozmanitosti ve zvláště chráněných územích: Vliv různých managementových zásahů na vegetaci vřesovišť v Národním parku Podyjí III.
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická fakulta v Brně, Ústav půdoznalství a mikrobiologie, Brno ; Masarykova univerzita v Brně, Přírodovědecká fakulta, katedra botaniky, Brno ; Botanický ústav AV ČR, Průhonice, pracoviště Brno ; Záhora, Jaroslav ; Chytrý, Milan ; Fabšičová, Martina ; Tůma, Ivan ; Holub, Petr ; Sedláková, Iva
Pokusy mají za cíl otestovat některé metody managementu vřesovišť: vypalování, pokosení drnů, pastvu. V této vegetační sezóně bylo sledováno celkem 38 trvalých ploch na vřesovištích v NP Podyjí. Od r. 2000 je také sledována dynamika mikrobiálních transformací dusíku v půdě, rychlost rozkladu opadu a efektivita využití N a P rostlinami.
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