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There is something in the air: Diversity of lichen symbionts in the aeroplankton
Veselá, Veronika ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Vančurová, Lucie (referee)
Lichens that reproduce primarily sexually rely on the presence of their symbionts in the environment. A new lichen cannot develop without direct contact between the filaments of the germinating spore and a compatible symbiotic alga. However, the results of earlier studies do not provide solid evidence for photobiont presence on lichen-colonized substrates. The objective of this thesis was to assess various environmental types (air, bark, soil, stone, and artificial substrates) as potential sources of symbiotic algae. To achieve in-depth understanding of the diversity of green algae at a long-studied Central Bohemian study-site, Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding of the ITS2 rDNA region was combined with traditional sequencing of lichen algal ITS rDNA and morphological observations. The methods used revealed 283 species-level lineages and 1313 OTUs, many of which belonged to unknown species or higher taxonomic categories. All photobiont species associating solely with sexual lichens at the site could also be found in the vicinity of lichen thalli. As a result, both the substrates and the air, where these symbiotic algae occurred as well, may act as photobiont sources. In contrast, many symbionts that associate only with asexual lichen species, were never found at the site outside of lichen thalli....
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Photobiont plurality in lichen thalli
Dědková, Kamila ; Steinová, Jana (advisor) ; Vančurová, Lucie (referee)
Photobiont plurality refers to the presence of multiple photobionts within a single lichen thallus. This phenomenon was described at the end of the last century but has received deeper attention in the last decade. The available literature on this topic is limited. This bachelor thesis summarizes all the important findings published on plurality to date. The most common photobionts coexisting in a thallus are algae of the genus Trebouxia, but other algae and cyanobacteria more or less phylogenetically related may also coexist together. Thallus with multiple photobionts is formed either at the beginning by the association of hyphae with several photobionts at once (horizontal transport) or by the acquisition of additional photobionts during life (vertical transport). The most important factors affecting the cooccurrence of multiple photobionts in a single thallus are probably the specificity and selectivity of mycobionts and local environmental conditions. The plurality of photobionts has been found in more than fifty lichen species. Many important findings have been described in a model lichen Ramalina farinacea. Its coexisting photobionts differ in responses to several environmental, mostly stress conditions, suggesting that the presence of multiple photobionts in a thallus may provide an...
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Odrůdové sortimenty rodu Lavandula ve světle historických dat
Vančurová, Lucie
The bachelor's thesis on the topic Varietal assortments of the genus Lavandula in the light of historical data deals in more detail with the genus Lavandula from the botanical, geographical, cultivation and breeding point of view. It also includes topics about the history, taxonomy and use of lavender in our country and in the world. The main goal of this work was to develop a study presenting an assortment of varieties of the genus Lavandula as a contribution to the reconstruction of historic gardens and parks. Introduce the described cultivars in terms of botanical, geographical, cultivation and breeding and last but not least compare the use of historical varieties with current ones. In elaborating this work, I based on the study of period sources, on the basis of which I studied which varieties were grown mainly in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century. I see the application of this work mainly in garden architecture, where it can serve as a basis for the restoration of historic parks and gardens.
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Photobiont dynamics of Stereocaulon lichens
Vančurová, Lucie ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Bérešová, Anna (referee) ; Dal Grande, Francesco (referee)
7 Abstract Lichens are an iconic example of symbiosis. They are widespread throughout the world. In some ecosystems, lichens are dominant autotrophs, sometimes one of the few living organisms capable of surviving local conditions. They grow on a variety of substrata, including artificial surfaces. Great diversity of their life strategies is related to the diversity of symbiotic partners forming the lichen thalli, which remains largely unresearched. Lichens as sessile organisms often have to face a changing environment or adapt to conditions at new localities where their propagules can spread. We have chosen the widespread genus Stereocaulon as a model system for studying symbiotic relationships in lichens and the connection of this relationships with environmental conditions. The main goals of this thesis were (1) to uncover the diversity of phycobionts (i.e., green algal photobionts) associated with Stereocaulon within the whole genus and particular species-level lineages; (2) to identify environmental factors affecting the distribution of phycobionts and their relationships with mycobionts on a global and local scale; and (3) to inspect the possibility of sharing phycobiont pool with other lichens and soil. For this purpose, we used phylogenetic analyses (ITS rDNA, 18S rDNA, rbcL, and actin type I gene),...
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Comparing the diversity of free-living and symbiotic algae in lichen symbioses
Veselá, Veronika ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Vančurová, Lucie (referee)
This work discusses the diversity of free-living lichen photobionts belonging to the class Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta). The introduction summarises the change in perspective on the possibility of existence of free-living photobionts. The main part of this work contains a list of lichen photobiont genera with their description and taxonomical classification. In addition, I summarize published records and of these organisms in studies focusing on diversity of aerophytic and soil algae. The work also contains a list of known lichen photobionts species of the class Trebouxiophyceae. Keywords: Trebouxiophyceae, Trebouxia, green algae, photobiont, lichen, diversity
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Typology of Nature Parks in the Czech Republic
Vančurová, Lucie ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Typology of Nature Parks in the Czech Republic Nature parks cover about one tenth of the Czech Republic. They are classified under general protection of nature and landscape in the nature and landscape system of our state and primarily serve to protect the landscape character with significant aesthetic, natural and cultural values. Nature parks are currently set up by a law regulation by regional authorities. This thesis provides comprehensive information about all nature parks in the Czech Republic, describes their history and their present form. The thesis deals with the research of landscape protection and landscape character. The main result of the thesis is the creation of a typology of natural parks of the Czech Republic, rated by their landscape coverage and selected natural conditions - altitude, typological division of the relief, climatic conditions and height vegetation levels. All map outputs are processed in a GIS program. Keywords: nature park, landscape protection, landscape character, landscape typology
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Photobiont diversity in the lichen genus Stereocaulon (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)
Vančurová, Lucie ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Peksa, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis is focused on the diversity of lichen photobionts and its relation to the mycobionts and environmental factors. The key objective is to map the diversity of lichen photobionts of the genus Stereocaulon, which has been insufficiently examined in comparison with related lichens Cladonia and Lepraria. In total, 92 samples belonging to 12 species of genus Stereocaulon were examined, being found in four continents, at the altitude of 50 to 2 900 metres a. s. l., and variety of natural and artificial substrata. Phylogenetic analyses were inferred on the basis of ITS rDNA, actin type I, 18S rDNA and rbcL sequences. Photobionts belonging to two unrelated genera within Trebouxiophyceae, Asterochloris and Chloroidium, were found in thalli of Stereocaulon lichens. While Asterochloris represents one of the most frequent photobionts of various lichens, Chloroidium has been until now recorded as a lichen photobiont very rarely. The content of heavy metals in substratum can be considered as a determinative factor for its occurrence. A new lineage affiliated to genus Asterochloris was discovered on the island La Palma (the Canary Islands). Interestingly, none of common, widespread Asterochloris lineages has been found in this locality. The lichen photobionts of the genus Stereocaulon were discovered in 12 of...
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