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Transformations in the Interpretation of Music Folklore: From the Protection of Everyday Culture to the Emergence of a Music Genre (Using the Czech Republic as a Case Study)
Uhlíková, Lucie ; Pavlicová, M.
From the 1960s onwards, efforts began to develop in Czech ethnology, which gradually began to include folklore manifestations in their second existence in professional research. The field of folklorism sometimes overlapped with the existence of folk traditions, sometimes built on them, and sometimes was only inspired by them to varying degrees. The distinction in such defined categories was not easy even in the past, and with the increasingly rapid development of society, it became blurred in the general consciousness. Within this scope, a contemporary broad music genre, music folklore, has emerged that is not easy to define in terms of content. In this paper, the authors outline its historical formation, show model moments of its development, and deal with its polyfunctionality: many collectives present themselves not only on stage (together with dancers) and in concert settings (independently), but also participate in local ethno-cultural traditions, dance parties, family celebrations (weddings, birthdays), and commercially focused events. To illustrate this, the paper uses archival source material, and field research based on interviews with selected musicians.
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Transformations in the Interpretation of Music Folklore: From the Protection of Everyday Culture to the Emergence of a Music Genre (Using the Czech Republic as a Case Study)
Uhlíková, Lucie ; Pavlicová, M.
From the 1960s onwards, efforts began to develop in Czech ethnology, which gradually began to include folklore manifestations in their second existence in professional research. The field of folklorism sometimes overlapped with the existence of folk traditions, sometimes built on them, and sometimes was only inspired by them to varying degrees. The distinction in such defined categories was not easy even in the past, and with the increasingly rapid development of society, it became blurred in the general consciousness. Within this scope, a contemporary broad music genre, music folklore, has emerged that is not easy to define in terms of content. In this paper, the authors outline its historical formation, show model moments of its development, and deal with its polyfunctionality: many collectives present themselves not only on stage (together with dancers) and in concert settings (independently), but also participate in local ethno-cultural traditions, dance parties, family celebrations (weddings, birthdays), and commercially focused events. To illustrate this, the paper uses archival source material, and field research based on interviews with selected musicians.
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Between the „ruchadlo“ and the Czech Cottage: The (Non-)Discovery of the „Folk“ Culture Invention in the 19th Century and its Impact on Research into Vernacular Culture
Woitsch, Jiří
The article presents and uses specific examples (swing plow called ruchadlo and timber vernacular dwelling houses) to analyze the conceptualization of the common people and vernacular culture in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Two opposing beliefs on the ability of the non-elites to be actively creative were typical for this era. The one side assumed a completely passive taking over of patterns, technologies, etc. from economically and socially more advanced environments, while the other attributed exceptional creative abilities to „regular folk,“ some even leading to historic discoveries. These two concepts strongly resonated in various Central European trends in the humanities and social sciences throughout the entire 20th century. This was symptomatic, especially in those instances, where historians, museologists, art historians or even non-academic experts were the ones conducting the research. Both lines of thought share the highly problematic notion of viewing the people as a creative collective entity or a passive entity.
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The Folk Song Cultural Heritage in the Context of Political Correctness: When hep, hep is not hop, hop
Uhlíková, Lucie ; Pavlicová, M.
The paper explores folk songs written down in what is present-day Czech Republic from roughly the beginning of the 19th century to the 1970s. It shows how song lyrics were treated in the past when they did not conform to the social conventions, aesthetics, ethical ideals, and patriotic goals of the time. When such songs were written down by collectors, their lyrics were often modified, some parts being omitted, others changed. This practice was followed from the early 19th century until the fall of the communist totalitarian regime in 1989. At present, these authentic folk song lyrics seem non-controversial by some performers, but many lyrics are far from it. One of the components of tradition is social memory, which is associated with cultural stereotypes—the generally fixed ideas that people have about themselves and members of different groups. These “Others” are usually members of a different ethnicity, religion, or social class. Their image in folklore involves certain ideas, ideological views, evaluative attitudes, and historical experience. Using the example of otherness, which in Czech folk songs is mainly associated with the negative image of members of the Jewish minority, the paper shows the possible results of misunderstanding the historical context: the anti-Semitic motifs of some older songs and dances resented in public may not be evident to those who perform them today.
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The Folk Song Cultural Heritagše in the Context of Political Correctness: When hep hep is not hop hop
Uhlíková, Lucie ; Pavlicová, M.
The paper explores folk songs written down in what is present-day Czech Republic from roughly the beginning of the 19th century to the 1970s. It shows how song lyrics were treated in the past when they did not conform to the social conventions, aesthetics, ethical ideals, and patriotic goals of the time. When such songs were written down by collectors, their lyrics were often modified, some parts being omitted, others changed. This practice was followed from the early 19th century until the fall of the communist totalitarian regime in 1989. At present, these authentic folk song lyrics seem non-controversial by some performers, but many lyrics are far from it. One of the components of tradition is social memory, which is associated with cultural stereotypes—the generally fixed ideas that people have about themselves and members of different groups. These “Others” are usually members of a different ethnicity, religion, or social class. Their image in folklore involves certain ideas, ideological views, evaluative attitudes, and historical experience. Using the example of otherness, which in Czech folk songs is mainly associated with the negative image of members of the Jewish minority, the paper shows the possible results of misunderstanding the historical context: the anti-Semitic motifs of some older songs and dances resented in public may not be evident to those who perform them today.
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Communication Portal (Summary Research Report)
Janská, E. ; Čermák, Z. ; Drbohlav, D. ; Janurová, K. ; Beranská, Veronika ; Uherek, Zdeněk ; Doležalová, M. ; Löblová, O. ; Zachová, K.
The design of the communication portal for compatriots also served as a research tool. The report discusses the form, arrangement, structure, functionalities, and content of the communication channel for compatriots.
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Research on the needs of expatriate communities in selected countries in terms of maintaining their ties to the Czech Republic: Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, the USA, and Germany (Summary research report)
Janská, E. ; Čermák, Z. ; Drbohlav, D. ; Janurová, K. ; Beranská, Veronika ; Uherek, Zdeněk ; Doležalová, M. ; Löblová, O. ; Zachová, K.
We used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research to map individual areas of expatriate issues, critical needs, and fundamental problems of compatriots in the following countries: Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, the USA, and Germany. We suggested their solutions and formulated conclusions and recommendations for creating the expatriate policy in these selected countries.
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Research into the needs of expatriate communities in individual countries in terms of maintaining their ties to the Czech Republic (Summary research report)
Janská, E. ; Čermák, Z. ; Drbohlav, D. ; Janurová, K. ; Beranská, Veronika ; Uherek, Zdeněk ; Doležalová, M. ; Löblová, O. ; Zachová, K.
We used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research to map individual areas of expatriate issues and fundamental problems, and we suggested proposals for their solutions. Along with that, we formulated conclusions and recommendations for creating the expatriate policy.
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Research on the possibilities of expatriate policy coordination (Summary research report)
Janská, E. ; Čermák, Z. ; Drbohlav, D. ; Janurová, K. ; Beranská, Veronika ; Uherek, Zdeněk ; Doležalová, M. ; Löblová, O. ; Zachová, K.
The report deals with the definition of individual terms (compatriot, exile, expat, diaspora...) and the creation of expatriate policy itself, how individual actors participate in it, including the mapping of expatriate initiatives, which connect and support expatriates through their activities through various organizations and their networks around the world. For comparison, we analyzed expatriate policies of several selected states, and we have formulated recommendations for specific areas of expatriate policy in the Czech Republic.
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