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Studie zasolení stavebních konstrukcí pod III. nádvořím na Pražském hradě
Slížková, Zuzana ; Náhunková, Pavla
V roce 2022 bylo doplněno mapování chemického složení a množství výkvětů solí na archeologických stavebních konstrukcích pod Pražským hradem o dvě nové lokality (v místě základů kaple zv. sv. Bartoloměje a v okolí obvodové severní zdi zóny III). Ve výsledcích nebyly detekovány uhličitanové minerály jako v minulých letech (kromě kalcitu v malém množství). Ve výkvětech byl opět majoritní složkou síran sodný. Pomocí termické analýzy byla potvrzena přítomnost síranu sodného s navázanou krystalovou vodou v jeho struktuře (mirabilit) ve vzorcích odebraných v únoru. Z výluhů stavebního materiálů je patrná vysoká kontaminace opuky dusičnany a chloridy v dnešní koruně zdiva kaple tz. sv. Bartoloměje a zvýšená kontaminace sírany v soklové partii. Naopak v maltě a ani černých cihlách obvodové zdi nebyly zjištěny rizikové hodnoty vodorozpustných iontů.
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Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings. Vol. 42 (2023)
Kytýř, Daniel ; Doktor, T. ; Zlámal, Petr
The YSESM symposium provides a forum for young researchers and engineers, PhD students and students dealing with subjects of experimental mechanics. The Symposium concentrates on current work in all areas of experimental research and its application in solid and fluid mechanics. The topic will particularly concern to: Conventional and Advanced Experimental Methods in Solid and Fluid Mechanics, Non-Destructive Testing and Inspection, Measurements in Material Science, Computer Assisted Testing and Simulation, Engineering Design Simulation, Hybrid Methods, Experimental Techniques – Numerical Simulation, Optical Methods and Image Processing, Measurements in Biomechanics, Sensor Techniques for Micro- and Nano-Applications, Measurement Methods for Forensic Engineering.
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Computed tomography system with strict real-time synchronization for in-situ 3D analysis of periodically vibrating objects
Rada, Václav ; Fíla, Tomáš ; Zlámal, Petr ; Koudelka_ml., Petr ; Šleichrt, Jan ; Macháček, Michael ; Vavřík, Daniel ; Kytýř, Daniel
In the contribution, we present a laboratory system capable of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scanning of an periodically moving or oscillating object. The system is an in-house developed XCT setup with electromagnetic voice coil actuator mounted on top of the rotary stage of the setup. The strict synchronization of the components, the rotary stage, the electromagnetic actuator movement and the detector readout is accomplished with use of the detector hardware trigger and hard real-time Linux operating system. Cylindrical sample manufactured from epoxy resin with metal particles to enable movement tracking is scanned in a stationary position and during periodical movement induced by the vibration stage. The volumetric data of the scans is compared and the results of this contribution represent an important step towards identification of defects through modal analysis of in-situ harmonically vibrating object.
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Effect of the long-term storage methods on the stability of cartilage biomechanical parameters
Žaloudková, Blanka ; Sekorová, Š. ; Kopecká, B. ; Kytýř, Daniel
Long-term stability of the tissue product in terms of mechanical parameters is a key factor for its expiration date. For the investigation of storage effects on the cartilage tissues the experimental mechanical loading test combined with XCT scanning for the irregular shape inspection was performed. The samples were preserved according to three different protocols using the deep-freezing and two types of saline solution preservation. The stability of the biomechanical parameters was tested within annual intervals. All samples were subjected to uni-axial compression loading using the in-house developed compact table top loading device in displacement-driven mode. Based on the measurements, the results are represented in the form of stress-strain curves and quantified as elastic modulus and ultimate compression stress. It can be concluded that no significant difference was found in neither the mechanical properties of the samples nor in the effects of each preservational method.
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Fast continuous in-situ XCT of additively manufactured carbon fiber reinforced tensile test specimens
Glinz, J. ; Maurer, J. ; Holzleitner, M. ; Pace, F. ; Stamopoulos, A. ; Vopálenský, Michal ; Kumpová, Ivana ; Eckl, M. ; Kastner, J. ; Senck, S.
The reinforcement of fused filament fabricated (FFF) components with continuous fibers allows for high versatility in the design of mechanical properties for a specific application’s needs. However, the bonding quality between continuous fibers and the FFF matrix material has high impact on the overall performance of the composite. In a recent study [1], additively manufactured (AM) continuous fiber reinforced tensile test specimens have been investigated regarding the effect of amount and material of the embedded continuous fibers on tensile strength and AM build quality. During these tensile tests, a sudden reduction in tensile stress, which most likely was not related to actual rupture of continuous fibers, was noticeable. Since X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans were performed only prior to and after the tensile testing, a detailed investigation on the origin of these drops in tensile stress was not possible. Within this work, we will expand upon these findings and present results of fast on-the-fly in-situ investigations performed on continuous carbon fiber reinforced specimens of the same AM build. During these investigations, specimens are loaded under the same conditions while fast XCT scans, with a total scan time of 12 seconds each, were performed consecutively. The resulting three-dimensional image data reveals internal meso- and macro-structural changes over time/strain to find the cause of the aforementioned reduction in tensile stress.
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Effect of aging on mechanical properties of 3D printed samples using stereolithography
Drechslerová, V. ; Falta, J. ; Fíla, T. ; Dvořák, R. ; Kytýř, Daniel
This paper focuses on stereolithography (an additive manufacturing technology working on the principle of curing liquid resins layer by layer using ultraviolet radiation) and the effect of aging on the mechanical properties of the material and printed samples. The aging of the material could be a problem for its subsequent use as the stability of the mechanical properties would not be maintained and unwanted deterioration of the material could occur. As part of the research, sets of samples were printed and subjected to different aging methods and subsequently subjected to quasi-static and dynamic uni-axial load tests. From the data obtained, the basic mechanical properties of the material were calculated and compared with each other. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether aging process causes significant changes in the mechanical properties of the materials used, which could have a consequential impact on their use in different industries.
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Experimental evaluation of aluminothermic welds
Zeman, L. ; Valach, J. ; Zlámal, P. ; Krčmářová, N. ; Koudelková, Veronika ; Zeman, J.
The article presents a study of the mechanical processes occurring during the aluminother-mic reaction using experimental methods (strain gauges, digital image correlation, thermography,scanning electron microscopy, profilometry). The aluminothermic reaction is a highly efficient weldingmethod due to its exothermic behaviour, however, it places considerable demands not only on thewelding technique, but also on the capabilities of the experimental methods used - these limitationsare also discussed in the article. The aluminothermic reaction is associated with the formation of alocalised heat source with a time evolution dictated by the technological procedure, which manifestsitself in heat propagation to the surrounding weld material. The unequal evolution of the temperaturefield is the fundamental cause of the appearance of the heat affected zone or local deformations orsurface curvature, which was the focus of the experimental methods deployed above and the results ofwhich are shown in the article.
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Stereolithography for manufacturing of advanced porous solids
Drechslerová, V. ; Neuhäuserová, M. ; Falta, J. ; Šleichrt, J. ; Kytýř, Daniel
The aim of this paper is focused on benefits of stereolithography (SLA) technology for the fabrication of the lightweight lattice structures with potential for load-bearing function and high absorption of impact energy. SLA is an additive manufacturing technology employing the principle of liquid resins curing moderated by radiation of a wavelength from ultra-violet band where resulting material parameters are tunable by setting of the curing process. The batches of samples manufactured using three different resins were subjected to quasi-static uni-axial tensile and compression tests. Acquired data were processed to derive deformation behaviour expressed as stress-strain diagrams and fundamental material properties. Based on the knowledge obtained from the mechanical tests, the setup of the fabrication parameters, the most suitable resin for manufacturing of the lattice structures and the overall suitability of SLA technology for the fabrication of advanced porous materials, were determined.
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The effect of the backfill on the integrity of a buried pipeline upon heavy-duty vehicle crossings
Gajdoš, Lubomír ; Šperl, Martin ; Slížková, Zuzana ; Drdlová, M.
The aim of this work was to determine stresses in the wall of a buried empty gas pipeline caused by the weight of backfill as well as by heavy-duty vehicles crossing the pipeline, and, on their basis to assess the applicability of protective sleeves. A buried pipeline with zero internal pressure of transported medium (empty pipeline) differs from an unburied pipeline by the vertical load due to the weight of the backfill which causes an ovalness of the circular cross section of the pipeline. This leads to the rise of through-wall bending stresses with the tensile stress at the outside surface at the 3 and 9 o´clock positions and compressive stress at the inside surface. At the 6 and 12 o´clock positions the stresses are tensile at the inside surface and compressive at the outside surface. The current depth of soil cover above gas pipelines is 0.5 m. For pipes DN500, t ~ 6.5 mm the through-wall bending stress is found to be σb ≈ ±10 MPa. In comparison with the yield stress of pipeline material, this stress is negligible. The situation is changed when heavy-duty vehicles cross the pipeline. For example, when a MAN truck with the mass load 3270 kg acting on a single wheel of the front axle crosses this pipeline, the pressure transmitted to the pipe will cause the through-wall bending stress σb ≈ ±76 MPa. This stress is superimposed to that of the backfill to give the total value ±86 MPa. When dead loads, imposed by backfill cover, together with live loads, caused by truck-wheel loads, are excessive a crushing of side walls of the pipeline and/or ring buckling of the pipe cross section can happen.
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