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Between Realism and Abstraction: The Creation of Meaning in the Work of František Kupka, Paul Klee and Willem de Kooning
VANDERKOVÁ, Andrea
The main focus of this research is to clarify the relationship of František Kupka's abstract work to reality and his approach to creation and interpretation of visual meaning. In addition to Kupka's work itself, the research is also aimed to create sufficient theoretical background for following interpretation. This part of the research adresses visual communication, especially the significance of the image in relation to (non-)similarity, and the processes of identification and articulation of meaning in abstract image. This theoretical background, inspired by visual studies, include findings from several disciplines, especially semiotics, psychology and neuroaesthetics. The synthesis of these findings is specifically applied to František Kupka's abstract painting, The Cathedral. The interpretation is based on visual studies, František Kupka's own opinions, and the graduate´s own observation and reception, with the focus on the conditions of reception.
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Merleau-Ponty's dialogue with the science
Lockenbauer, Jan ; Novotný, Karel (advisor) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
The present essay aims to elucidate Merleau-Ponty's attitude towards science in his early published works. Being a phenomenologist, he refuses to understand science as a tool to discover general natural laws valid once for all and for everyone which are supposedly to be found in the reality inaccessible to our so called naive experience. However, he esteems the gestalt psychology because in his eyes this scientific field founds its conceptions on the lived-world without mistaking these very conceptions as only reality when compared the lived-world itself. We aim to apprehend Merleau-Ponty's attitude relative to these two types of scientific approach as a dialogue through which he establishes his own thinking. The research starts with Husserl's discovery of the lived-world, or, in other words, of the original soil of our experience preceding all philosophical reflexion as well as all scientific construction. This effort ought to helps us with understanding the reasons of Merleau-Ponty's critique of causal thinking and realistic science. In the next step, we will present the notions of "behavior" and "form" used in the framework of gestalt psychology. This elucidation will gradually lead us to the outlines of the manner in which Merleau-Ponty extends this psychological concept to the field of philosophy. Last...
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