|
|
Biotechnological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by thermophiles
Kouřilová, Xenie ; Patáková, Petra (referee) ; Koutný, Marek (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are microbial biopolymers that may provide a partial alternative to petrochemically produced plastics. Their main advantages are biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the possibility of production from renewable sources. However, the cost of their production is still higher than that of petroleum-based polymers. To increase the competitiveness of biotechnological processes, the concept of Next Generation Industrial Biotechnology (NGIB) has been introduced by other authors. This concept relies on the use of extremophilic microorganisms. When extremophiles are implemented in fermentation processes, the robustness of these technologies is increased and at the same time sterility requirements can be reduced. In the context of PHA production using extremophiles, a subset of halophilic microorganisms is relatively well mapped. Significantly less information is available on another interesting category, namely thermophiles. In line with the idea of NGIB, it is the production of PHAs by thermophilic bacteria that is the focus of this thesis. Attention is paid mainly to the genera Caldimonas, Rubrobacter, and Tepidimonas. For several tested representatives of these genera, the parameters investigated were the optimal cultivation temperature, suitable carbon substrate and the ability to produce copolymers. Based on this basic screening parameters, the most promising producers were selected and subjected to further experiments. Representatives of the genus Rubrobacter have the advantage of being gram-positive non-sporulating bacteria, as the risk of contamination of the isolated polymer by pyrogenic lipopolysaccharides present in the cell wall of gram-negative microorganisms is eliminated. The bacterial strain Tepidimonas taiwanensis LMG 22826T was able to produce high yields of biomass and PHA on a mixture of glucose and fructose substrate. Using grape pomace extract, almost identical values to those obtained on pure substrates were achieved. The thermophile Caldimonas thermodepolymerans DSM 15344, originally named Schlegelella thermodepolymerans, is a very promising PHA producer on xylose-based substrates. These substrates can be, for example, hydrolysates of lignocellulosic materials, which represent a sustainable source of carbon. Their suitability for the cultivation of C. thermodepolymerans was tested on model hydrolysates composed of pure carbohydrates. To approximate real samples, the effect of potential microbial inhibitors present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates was also investigated. An innovative isolation protocol for the recovery of PHAs based on osmotic stressing of thermophilic and halophilic microorganisms under elevated temperature with the addition of a low concentration surfactant solution was also developed as part of the thesis.
|
|
|
Production of extracellular polysaccharides by extremophilic prokaryotes
Bystrická, Klaudia ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
Predložená diplomová práca sa zaoberá štúdiom biotechnologickej produkcie extracelulárnych polysacharidov (EPS) vybraných termofilných a halofilných mikroorganizmov. Po primárnom screeningu vybraných kultúr bola experimentálna časť tejto práce ďalej venovaná halofilnému archea Haloferax mediterranei. Cieľom tejto práce bola produkcia a charakterizácia polymérov a posúdenie biotechnologického potenciálu použitých extremofilných kultúr ako producentov EPS. Počas kultivácie H. mediterranei boli použité 3 základné média, ktoré boli následne optimalizované v prospech produkcie EPS. Získané precipitáty boli podrobené analýze pomocou GPC, FTIR a UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS/MS, na základe čoho bolo možné bližšie charakterizovať získaný produkt. Tieto experimenty dokázali, že so stúpajúcou koncentráciou NaCl v médiu, klesá výťažok polysacharidov a ich produkciu nepodporujú ani vysoké koncentrácie MgSO4 a KCl v médiu. Hlavnou komponentou polysacharidov vyprodukovaných H. mediterranei, je manóza, no v závislosti od použitého média môže obsahovať aj glukózu, galaktózu, ribózu alebo N-acetylglukosamin.
|
|
|
Isolation, identification and characterization of extremophiles capable of PHA production
Vlasáková, Terézia ; Turková, Kristýna (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on isolation and identification of thermophilic microorganisms capable of production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in the sample of activated sludge from wastewater treatment. 6 culture samples were isolated from activated sludge by means of cultivation technics and methods of molecular biology. They were closer specified by comparing nucleotide sequences of 16S-rRNA gene and assigned to bacterial genus Anoxybacillus. The production of PHA by this genus was not reported in literature so far. Samples were confirmed to contain phaC gene that codes the enzyme PHA-synthase and they also gave a positive response to staining colonies with Nile red, what refers to presence of intracellular lipidic structures. However, the PHA production by isolates was not successful. The reason should be an inappropriate production medium or conditions. The positive phenotype result of Nile red dyeing was probably achieved by production of huge amount of lipids by bacterial cells that provides similar fluorescence than PHA granules.
|
|
|
Isolation, identification and characterization of extremophiles capable of PHA production
Vlasáková, Terézia ; Turková, Kristýna (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on isolation and identification of thermophilic microorganisms capable of production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in the sample of activated sludge from wastewater treatment. 6 culture samples were isolated from activated sludge by means of cultivation technics and methods of molecular biology. They were closer specified by comparing nucleotide sequences of 16S-rRNA gene and assigned to bacterial genus Anoxybacillus. The production of PHA by this genus was not reported in literature so far. Samples were confirmed to contain phaC gene that codes the enzyme PHA-synthase and they also gave a positive response to staining colonies with Nile red, what refers to presence of intracellular lipidic structures. However, the PHA production by isolates was not successful. The reason should be an inappropriate production medium or conditions. The positive phenotype result of Nile red dyeing was probably achieved by production of huge amount of lipids by bacterial cells that provides similar fluorescence than PHA granules.
|
guest ::
