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The Neolithic settlement area of Praha-Krč, Společenská zahrada. Spatial organization of settlement area with rondel enclosures and the issue of formative processes
VONDROVSKÝ, Václav
The thesis presents an evaluation of the Neolithic settlement area with two rondel enclosures which was excavated in the year 2001 during the salvage campaign at the Společenská zahrada site in Praha-Krč. Taphonomic processes which formed assemblages of settlement pits, rondel ditches and settlement layers were identified on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of all main categories of artefacts and ecofacts. These pieces of knowledge concerning the integrity of finding assemblages are used as a starting point for following investigations. Conventional relative chronology of the settlement area is accompanied by probability modelling of radiocarbon dates obtained particularly from ditches of both rondels. The results point to the contemporaneous use of both rondels and allow to set more precise absolute chronology of Neolithic rondels in central Europe. Spatial analysis presents possibilities and limits for the identification of particular domestic activities and refuse deposits within the archaeological record of settlement area. In the final part, the meaning of rondels for symbolic competition of Neolithic communities organised on the principle of translocality is discussed.
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The origin issue of the head of John the Baptist from Tajov
Hradilová, J. ; Bezúchová, E. ; Hradil, David ; Šídová, K.
The significant work of art, the Head of John the Baptist from Tajov, from the Museum of Central Slovakia in Banska Bystrica, which is probably part of the works of Niclaus Gerhaert von Leiden (1420/30 - 1475), was subject to conservation as well as detailed material analysis - first using non-invasive methods (radiography computer tomography, X-ray fluorescence), then laboratory analysis of taken samples (elemental and phase analysis, analysis of organic binders, dendrochronology, radiocarbon dating). The specific painting technique was described. Gilding of the head was performed without any ground only on brown preparatory layer for oil gilding (mixtion), however, the incarnates with an oily binder did contain a light dolomitic ground layer. The blood drops painting employed madder lake including sheep wool shearlings. The work consists of two parts - the head and the bowl, which was understood not to be original. Both parts are made from poplar wood. The results of the dating indicate that the head was created in the second half of the 15th century. The bowl could have been added later, but no later than the beginning of the 16th century. Its inclusion may have happened (albeit it is less probable) in the 17th century, but any period of time after that can be ruled out. The original colouring of the bowl was different the earth pigments of specific composition used in the ground layer imitated terracotta - a clay bowl. Based on the location of the existing hanging points the head was probably on display occasionally in a vertical position with a slight bottom view of 45 degrees.
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Identification and synchronization of YD period from Eruopaen lake sediments
Skurčáková, Anežka ; Tátosová, Jolana (advisor) ; Sacherová, Veronika (referee)
The bachelor thesis is the rewiew based on paleolimnological determining of Younger Dryas (YD), the final cold episode of the Last Glacial, and its diferent progress in European regions. It contains a describsion and an evaluation of methods of the YD identification (oxygen izotopes 18 O, varve chronology, radiocarbon dating, analysis of diatoms, pollen, chironomids, insect and geochemical and sedimentological analysis). The summary of results of studies from different parts of Europe showed that the first half of the YD in Western Europe was cooler and wetter than the second one. The climate during the YD period had similar temperature profile in Eastern Europe, but humidity had a different trend (the first half was colder and drier while the second one was warmer and wetter. According to the study of lake Švarcenberk in the Czech Republic, the YD had similar phases like in Western Europe. The YD period was synchronous in the most of Europe, its duration was approximately 1,200 years (12 726 - 11 564 years BP). Keywords: Younger Dryas, paleolimnology, oxygen izotopes, radiocarbon dating, varve chronology, climate in Europe
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