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From resource variation to habitat loss: how changing environment shapes the plant-pollinator interactions
AKTER, Asma
Annotation: Akter, A. and Klecka, J. 2020. Interactive effects of temperature, water, and nitrogen availability on the growth, floral traits, and pollination of white mustard, Sinapis alba. This was an experimental approach where Sinapis alba (white mustard), an economically beneficial crop was grown under different environmental conditions. Here, we assess how different growing conditions affected the growth of S. alba and the impact of different climate changing drivers on pollination and seed production. Akter, A., Biella, P., Klecka, J. 2017. Effects of small-scale clustering of flowers on pollinator foraging behaviour and flower visitation rate. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0187976. In this part of research, we experimentally changed the spatial structure of flower in small patches and assessed the impact on the foraging behaviour of pollinators, particularly, A. mellifera. Akter, A., Biella, P., Klecka, J. 2020. Introduction of new floral resources into plant-pollinator communities: impact on flower visitation mediated by species traits. This field-based experiment showed the impact of experimentally introduced floral resources in a plant community and how the response of the pollinator communities towards the new resources were mediated by the floral traits. Biella, P., Akter, A., Pajares, A.J.M., Federici, G., Galimberti, A., Jersáková, J., Labra, M., Mangili, F., Tommasi N. and Mangili, L. 2020. Pollination strategies of a plant in an unstable habitat: the case of the narrow-endemic toadflax Linaria tonzigii (Plantaginaceae). In this field-based research we assessed the pollination and reproduction strategies of an endemic plant, Linaria tonzigii, and the relation between the genetic variation and distribution. Akter, A., Biella, P., Batáry, P., Klecka, J. 2020. Changing pollinator communities along a disturbance gradient in the Sundarbans mangrove forest: a case study on Acanthus ilicifolius and Avicennia officinalis. Global Ecology and Conservation 24: e01282. This study was carried out in the Sundarbans mangrove forest, where we assessed the impact of human disturbances and forest loss on the plant-pollinator communities.
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Influence of plant pollinator spectra generalization on plant reproductive success
Hanusová, Natálie ; Štenc, Jakub (advisor) ; Hadrava, Jiří (referee)
Plants are pollinated by variously wide pollinator spectra. Plants pollinated by a wide spectrum of pollinators are called generalized plants. There are many factors leading to the generalized strategy of plants including their morphology, environment context, local pollinator community, and competition between plants for effective pollinators. However, generalization is connected to potential risk because not all pollinators are equally efficient and effective. The Generalization of plants is a very flexible way how to deal with non-predictable conditions and achieve successful sexual reproduction. Further investigation is needed to understand how the generalization of plant-pollinator spectra shapes plants sexual reproduction. Keywords: pollinator spectra generalization, pollination, plants reproduction, plants reproductive success
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Genetic variability in growth, reproductive and photosynthetic parameters of plants and its changes by exogenously applied steroids
Rothová, Olga ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Motyka, Václav (referee) ; Hradilík, Jan (referee)
While animal steroid hormones are very well known and have been studied for a long time, in plants no steroid substances were known until relatively recently. Only in the second half of the past century brassinosteroids were discovered; later on, their hormonal function in plants was confirmed. Still a lot of unknown remains as regards their function in plant cells. This paper presents in its first part the evidence that brassinosteroids control in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under field conditions not only its morphology and yield but also some developmental/reproduction characteristics like e.g. number of female inflorescences or speed of the development of male inflorescences. Particular response of a plant depends, however, on the type of applied brassinosteroid, its concentration, and last but not least also on a particular maize genotype and developmental stage of the plant during applicatin. Impact of brassinosteroids on primary photosynthetic processes in plants has not been proven under these conditions, neither on the activity of photosystem (PS) I nor on the Hill reaction. No statistically significant differences in the content of photosynthetic pigments have been found either. Another topic dealt with in this thesis is the possible protective influence of brassinosteroids on plants...
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The role of small non-coding RNAs in the regulation of plant reproductive development
Hromadová, Michaela ; Honys, David (advisor) ; Rothová, Olga (referee)
Small RNAs (sRNA) are broadly defined as regulatory molecules of 21-24 nucleotides in length which belong to the class of noncoding RNAs. They usually originate in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA in the cells and facilitate transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing of complementary sequences. Their role lies not only in defence against exogenous nucleic acids, but primarily in the regulation of endogenous genes. Typical target molecules of plant sRNA are transposable elements and genes encoding the transcription factors involved in the control of key developmental transitions like the initiation of the reproductive phase and the regulation of its progress. The aim of this thesis is a summary of functional roles of individual small RNA in plant reproductive development, with focus to the female and male gametophytes and in the protection against the transition of transposable elements to following generations. Both endogenous and exogenous sRNA are amply utilized in plants, because they provide an immediate and direct response of the organism to rapidly changing conditions, and thus undoubtedly belong to the key factors which contribute to their phenotypic plasticity.
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Genetic variability in growth, reproductive and photosynthetic parameters of plants and its changes by exogenously applied steroids
Rothová, Olga ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Motyka, Václav (referee) ; Hradilík, Jan (referee)
While animal steroid hormones are very well known and have been studied for a long time, in plants no steroid substances were known until relatively recently. Only in the second half of the past century brassinosteroids were discovered; later on, their hormonal function in plants was confirmed. Still a lot of unknown remains as regards their function in plant cells. This paper presents in its first part the evidence that brassinosteroids control in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under field conditions not only its morphology and yield but also some developmental/reproduction characteristics like e.g. number of female inflorescences or speed of the development of male inflorescences. Particular response of a plant depends, however, on the type of applied brassinosteroid, its concentration, and last but not least also on a particular maize genotype and developmental stage of the plant during applicatin. Impact of brassinosteroids on primary photosynthetic processes in plants has not been proven under these conditions, neither on the activity of photosystem (PS) I nor on the Hill reaction. No statistically significant differences in the content of photosynthetic pigments have been found either. Another topic dealt with in this thesis is the possible protective influence of brassinosteroids on plants...
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The methodology of mapping, evidence, documentation, care, and protection of important avenues and their trees
Hendrych, J. ; Borský, J. ; Jech, D. ; Létal, A. ; Malá, E. ; Obdržálek, J. ; Vorel, I. ; Žlebčík, J.
Práce zahrnuje úvodní obecnou analytickou část, jejímž účelem je stručné informativní shrnutí současného poznání a komplexní podstaty řešené alejové problematiky. Na tuto část navazují konkrétní kapitoly v rámci odborné aplikované části: Mapování a dokumentace alejí (popisující stanovené a odzkoušené metody mapování, dokumentace a evidence sledovaných jevů a prvků významných alejových linií a stromořadí v krajině), Množení alejových dřevin (kde jsou rozebrány vhodné metody přemnožení vybraných alejových dřevin, péče o ně a jejich další pěstování) a Obnova a management historických alejí (kde jsou popsány jak současné postupy a principy péče a ochrany alejí a jejich dřevin, tak i používané metody (včetně zahraničních) revitalizací a obnov, které jsou významné z hlediska současné praxe).
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