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Effect of cultivation technology on the production characteristics of pea (Pisum sativum)
VACEK, Ondřej
Pea is the most widespread legume in the Czech Republic, with use in both food and feed production. In recent years, the cultivation of crops with larger row spacing has been widely expanded. For this reason, this bachelor thesis focuses on the characteristics of sowing peas, the effect of row spacing and the possibility of reducing the amount of sowing. In the practical part, the thesis focuses on conducting a semi-operational experiment of a pea multiplication crop and evaluating its yield factors and the content of the obtained production. The results obtained show the influence of row spacing and sowing rate on pea yield, number of pods per plant and HTS value, the factor of number of seeds per pod was not affected. Since the experiment was carried out only in one year, it will be necessary to repeat the experiment to refine the results, given the close relationship of the parameters evaluated to the soil and ecological conditions of the particular year. In experiments by other authors, differences in results may also be due to cultivar variability.
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Constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and their biological effects
Klížová, Aneta ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
CHARLES UVIVERSITY THE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Title of the diploma thesis: CONSTITUENTS OF ROSEMARY AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Candidate: Aneta Klížová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2021/2022, pp. 89 Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is a bushy, evergreen perennial plant coming from the Mediterranean. Two pharmacopoeia herbal substances are used from this plant - leaves and essential oil. Rosemary has a wide range of uses. It is mainly used as a spice in the kitchen. Due to its antioxidant effects, it is used as a food preservative. It is also added to various cosmetic products such as soaps, creams, shampoos and perfumes. Rosemary and its components (carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid and others) show many effects, which include analgesic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antirheumatic, spasmolytic, antihepatotoxic, carminative, atherosclerotic, choleretic, antidepressant effects and others. It also works against bacteria and viruses. Rosemary is widely used as a traditional medicine, so it is included in the EMA monograph. Extract of rosemary or substances isolated from it have been tested in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Essential oil...
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Substances Contained in Plants of the Nightshade Family (*Solanaceae*) and their Usage in Biology Teaching
Marečková, Michaela ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Pavlasová, Lenka (referee)
The aim of the thesis titled "Substances contained in Plants of the Nightshade Family (Solanaceae) and their Usage in Biology Teaching" is to familiarize the reader with basic toxicological and pharmacological terms contained in the information on Nightshade plants (Solanaceae). Further it introduces Nightshade plants (Solanaceae) and their substances in more detail. It describes the use and abuse of these plants in poisoning, usage in traditional medicine, homeopathy and modern medicine. It outlines the history of the use and especially abuse of plants containing alkaloids. It also describes options for didactic use through laboratory work and assesses and compares the quality of information available in the literature for high school students. Information contained in this work can be practically used in teaching subjects such as toxicology, pharmacology and pharmacognosy at secondary schools with focus on the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Key terms: Content Substances, Plant Alkaloids, Poisonous Plants, The Use and Abuse of Solanaceous Plants.
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Stabilita ovocných nápojů s přídavkem extraktů z léčivých rostlin
Havlík, Dominik
This Bachelor´s thesis focuses on monitoring the microbiological purity of fruit drinks and the opportunity of influencing the amount of microorganisms using the curative plants extracts. At the beginning of the work there is decribed what the fruit drinks are and its possible division and production. In the last part of this work are stated curative plants which can influence microbiological purity of food. In practical part there is introduced the process and results of the monitoring of all seven fruit drink samples which cointained curative plants extracts. In these samples were observed the amounts of CFU/1 ml of total count of microorganisms, thermo-resistant bacteria, micromycetes and coliform bacteria. During the time of monitoring there was no overstepping the microbiological limits of healt harmlessness.
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Pěstování ostropestřce mariánského [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] z hlediska ekonomických aspektů
Buba, Lukáš
The first part of the Master’s thesis describes the history and the present of milk thistle growing in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the paper describes the biological characteristics, the varieties, phytochemistry and the use of this crop. The thesis in detail deals with the cultivation technology requirements. The classification of milk thistle in sowing procedure, tillage, nutrition, treatment during the vegetation period, harvest and post-harvest treatment of this crop are described. The second part of the thesis describes the course of weather and the growing procedure for this crop in the company Netis, a.s. Dry matter, purity, TKW, bulk density, germinability, oiliness and representation of individual components of the silymarin complex were determined in milk thistle achene samples. The experimental data found during the “first” cultivation at Netis, a.s. were evaluated in terms of the economy of cultivation. The economy of cultivation was compared with that of the traditional grower Agrospol, a.d. Knínice. The economy of milk thistle cultivation at Netis, a.s. was compared with that of other crops grown there.
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Stanovení významných obsahových látek bezu černého [Sambucus nigra L.] z různých lokalit
Badinová, Veronika
The work deals with (in a literary summary) résumé of the knowledge about european elder [Sambucus nigra L.], it also describes the content of important substances and its utilization. The samples were collected at selected areas. The obtained samples were analyzed at the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, a.s. using a UPLC liquid chromatograph with a PDA detector. It was determined the content of chlorogenic acid, vanilic acid, coffee acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, rutin, isoquercitrin and hyperoside was determined. The highest content was found in the extraction of free phenolic substances.
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Hodnotenie rastových a kvalitatívnych parametrov vybraných odrôd chilli paprík
Brajerová, Katarína
This diploma thesis “Evaluation of growth and qualitative parameters of chosen chilli peppers varieties” is about the comparison of the cultivars of chilli peppers. There have been 13 cultivars involved in the experiment. The first part of the thesis is about literary overview about the technology of growing. In the second, experimental part, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the varieties have been evaluated – product, growth and contents substances (vitamin C, capsaicin, dry basis) of the plants. The experiment was successfully conducted in cooperation with the company World of chilli, s.r.o. in 2018 and subsequently it was evaluated in the laboratory of ZF Mendela in Lednica.
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Obsahové látky v jednotlivých frakcí filtrace kalolisem
Šilinek, Jiří
This bachelor study in the theoretical part describes the substances contained in the wine, which will be evaluated in the filtered wine samples. Furthermore, it describes the most common systems of sludge filter presses and more thoroughly the one on which this test took place. The experimental part describes the methods for the determination of individual substances and evaluates the results measured in the laboratory in compa-rison with the sensorial results. Based on the knowledge gained, it is possible to deter-mine better oenological practice in practical wine production.
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Hodnotenie obsahu sekundárnych metabolitov a ďalších vybraných zložek v odrodách bazalky pravej pestovaných v skleníkových podmienkach
Muráriková, Andrea
The variety of Ocimum basilicum plays a primary role among culinary herbs in world trade. The main objective of this study was to determine yield and chemical composition of the essential oil, total phenolic and flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, L-ascorbic acid, crude fiber, nitrates, chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids content. This work should be verified what influence had the variety, the seasonal, and the external factors affecting to said substances. Experiment was established in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno. The basil varieties, namely 'Ohře', 'Lettuce Leaf', 'Purple Opaal', 'Dark Green', 'Mammolo Genovese', 'Manes', and 'Red Rubin' were grown as a pot culture during the years 2014-2016. The essential oil were isolated by distillation and analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The total phenolic content (TPC) was determinated spectrophotometrically according to Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method. Determinations of the total flavonoid content (TFC) were measured with the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was evaluated by their ability to scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable radicals. The ascorbic acid content was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The crude ?ber content was determined by the enzymatic gravimetric method. The nitrates content was determined by Ion Selective Electrode (ISE). Chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids were determinated spectrophototmetrically in the acetone extracts. The essential oil production was from 2.45 to 18.12 mg.kg-1 d. w., depending on variety and season. GC-MS analysis showed that the essential oil from 7 basil varieties consist of 41 components. Main constituents of the essential oil were methyleugenol (4.59-48.13 %), followed by methylchavicol (4.59-48.13 %), ß-linalool (0.43-33.25 %), eugenol (0.45-33.52 %), ?-bergamotene (0.07-13.40 %), eucalyptol (0.71-11.70 %), and ?-cadinene (0.24-8.90 %). The 'Purple Opaal', 'Dark Green', 'Mammolo Genovese', 'Mánes' and 'Red Rubin' varieties were identified as methyleugenol chemotypes while 'Ohře' varied according to the seasonal prevalence of linalool / methyleugenol. Variety 'Lettuce Leaf' was specific by the methylchavicol domination. The amount of TPC observed in methanol extracts were from 364.07 to 5606.43 mg GAE.100 g-1 d. w. TFC varied from 430.14-5979.69 mg CE.100 g-1 d. w. TAC were measured from 2.40 to 44.48 mM TE.100 g-1 d. w. L-ascorbic acid was ranged between 34.27-234.47 mg.kg-1 f. w. Content of crude fiber varied from 9.57 to 21.74 %. The mean levels of nitates were from 178.67-17918.21 mg.kg-1 f. w. The average contents of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids were 3.01-5.15, 1.26-2.65, and 0.65-1.53 mg.g-1 f. w., respectively. The influence of the variety and the season on the evaluated substances was significantly confirmed. The external factors on growth (temperature, relative humidity and solar irradiance) had an impact on all evaluated parameters with the exception of the contents of essential oils and TAC. For further cultivation of basil in pots, the most suitable are varieties 'Mánes' (excellent source of essential oil), 'Lettuce Leaf' and 'Red Rubin' (for their antioxidant capacity, and high contents of crude fiber). On the contrary, prone to the accumulation of nitrates were purple leaves varieties 'Purple Opaal' and 'Red Rubin'.
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Hodnocení pěstitelských vlastností vybraných zástupců chilli paprik v podmínkách Jižní Moravy
Konečková, Jana
The topic of this diploma thesis is Floricultural qualities evaluation of chosen Chilli peppers in the Southern Moravia conditions. This thesis deals with chilli pappus capsicum family. The first part of study involves historical chilli pappers origin and the sekond part focuses on evaluative floricultural values experimental and substances of chilli pappus. This thesis was elaborated in cooperation with World of chilli s.r.o.
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