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Second grade students of a selected elementary school and solving non-standard problems
Jakoubková, Zuzana ; Voňková, Hana (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
In the theoretical part, the diploma thesis focuses on the definition of the legislative framework regarding to the inclusion of non-standard tasks to the teaching methods in the Czech Republic, with regard to RVP ZV, and then on the explanation of the terms task, and non-standard task in a mathematical context, with reference to the definitions of both, Czech and foreign authors. Subsequently, the author focus on the typology of non-standard tasks, and their use in textbooks and workbooks used during lessons of mathematic in the Czech Republic. The main part of the thesis is an empirical research based on the results of a questioning students from a specified elementary school. The questioning is focused not only on the level of students familiarity with non-standard tasks, but also on their ability to solve these tasks. This research is supplemented by the results of interviews with individual teachers in the field of mathematics at the selected elementary school. During debates with teachers, it became clear that use non-standard tasks like a teaching method is not very common in the Czech Republic. However, it follows from the results of the questionnaire research, that students have experience with basic principles, and algorithms of solving non-standard tasks and in lessons they encounter all...
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Divisibility at the lower secondary level
Strnádková, Ivana ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of divisibility of natural numbers in mathematics in the 6th year of primary schools. The first, theoretical part of the diploma thesis introduces the concept of didactic situations from the Theory of Didactic Situations in Mathematics by G. Brousseau, the theory of multiple intelligences according to H. Gardner and the theory of cognitive development according to J. Piaget. All chapters are projected into the experimental part. The diploma thesis is focused on the topic of divisibility, therefore a chapter of the same title is included in this part. From the history point of view, the sieve of Eratosthenes and Mersenne prime numbers are described here in two chapters. The practical part of the thesis includes a chapter containing an analysis of various didactic methods used in six sets of mathematics textbooks. Attention is paid to similarities and differences in the sets of tasks. In each textbook the topic of divisibility is compared in regard to the introduction of the divisibility rules. The following two chapters are devoted to an experiment designed to help pupils understand the divisibility rules for numbers 2, 5, 10, 8 and 4. The experiment took place over several days in two parallel classes, each of which was pedagogically led for a long time by a...
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