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Prediction of therapeutical response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer
Pazdírek, Filip ; Hoch, Jiří (advisor) ; Martínek, Lubomír (referee) ; Šimša, Jaromír (referee)
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer is multimodal. It includes neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (NCHRT), which reduces the risk of local recurrence. However, this treatment is also accompanied by side effects. Accordingly, there is an unmet need to identify predictive markers allowing to identify non-responders to avoid its adverse effects. We monitored circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a potential liquid biopsy-based biomarker. We have investigated ctDNA changes plasma during the early days of NCHRT and its relationship to the immediate tumor response as well as overall patients survival. In all patients, ctDNA was strongly reduced or completely eliminated from plasma by the end of the first week of NCHRT, with no correlation to any of the parameters analyzed. As ctDNA was reduced indiscriminately from the circulation of all patients, therefore the dynamics during the first week of NCHRT is not suitable for predicting the immediate therapeutic response in rectal cancer. The baseline ctDNA presence represented a statistically significant negative prognostic biomarker for the overall patient survival. However, the general effect of rapid ctDNA disappearance apparently occurring during the initial days of NCHRT is noteworthy and should further be studied. Keywords: rectal cancer, neoadjuvant...
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Relationship of selected indicators of nutritional status and results of oesophageal cancer treatment with chemoradiotherapy and surgery
Zemanová, Milada ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňásek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
The impact was assessed of clinical and nutritional factors on prognosis of 107 oesophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) and surgery. Individualised nutritional support, according to grade of dysphagia was carried out in all the patients. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptors (SLR), TNF, IGF and fatty acid (FA) profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were studied as well. Addition of paclitaxel to carboplatin and continual fluorouracil significantly increased toxicity without influencing efficacy of the treatment. Post-operative node negativity, grade of dysphagia, weight loss and serum albumin were proved to be prognostic factors of survival and time to progression. CHRT led to decrease of SLR, palmitoleic and oleic acid and increase of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in PC. Lower concentrations of SLR were associated with improved survival of the patients. Key words: oesophageal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, weight loss, paclitaxel, albumin, soluble leptin receptor, fatty acids
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Relationship of selected indicators of nutritional status and results of oesophageal cancer treatment with chemoradiotherapy and surgery
Zemanová, Milada ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňásek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
The impact was assessed of clinical and nutritional factors on prognosis of 107 oesophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) and surgery. Individualised nutritional support, according to grade of dysphagia was carried out in all the patients. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptors (SLR), TNF, IGF and fatty acid (FA) profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were studied as well. Addition of paclitaxel to carboplatin and continual fluorouracil significantly increased toxicity without influencing efficacy of the treatment. Post-operative node negativity, grade of dysphagia, weight loss and serum albumin were proved to be prognostic factors of survival and time to progression. CHRT led to decrease of SLR, palmitoleic and oleic acid and increase of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in PC. Lower concentrations of SLR were associated with improved survival of the patients. Key words: oesophageal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, weight loss, paclitaxel, albumin, soluble leptin receptor, fatty acids
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