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Fossil clown beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae): early evolution of "beetle tanks"
Simon Pražák, Jan ; Prokop, Jakub (advisor) ; Růžička, Jan (referee)
Clown beetles (Histeridae) represent a diverse (>4500 described species) group of beetles with worldwide distribution (except Antarctica) and with exceptional diversity of occupied habitats. Specialisation on environments such as subcortical space, dung and carrion, tunnels of wood- boring insects, caves, sand deserts, beaches, rodent burrows or ant colonies, has led to remarkable adaptations of morphology and even radical changes of entire body shape. To understand evolutionary paths of this extraordinary group of beetles, fossils are of vital importance. In this study, I examined eight undescribed species of fossil Histeridae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese and Hkamti ambers. I provide morphological descriptions and discuss possible taxonomical position of these species based on morphological characters. I further tested the phylogenetic position of all Cretaceous Histeridae genera via a topology-constrained maximum parsimony analysis based on a set of 69 characters. Among the studied species, representatives of Abraeini and Paromalini are reported for the first time from the Cretaceous. I discuss evolutionary implications based on the new as well as other Histeridae fossils. Subcortical strategy was likely common in the Cretaceous histerids, now reported in three separate lineages. It is also...
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Selected localities of Prague for teaching biology and geology
Cibíková, Markéta ; Rajsiglová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the most important Prague locations that are suitable for biological and geological excursion. Very important is practical teaching biology and geology. It is desirable that students understand the processes of ancient geological history, that they have seen with their own eyes preserved fossils and that they know how plants and animals which are integral part of teaching biology look like. In this point of view the theoretical teaching in the classrooms is insufficient. In the work is included biological and geological characteristics of selected sites aimed at their geologicla formation, rock, fossils, plants and animals that are found there. Itinerary for each excursion should be designed. There are links to worksheets made by methodical portal RVP which are the part of my work. Short introduction of teaching biology and geology in foreign countries and their access to excursion is presented as well. This thesis was designed for teachers of biology and geology to make preparations of their own excursions easier.
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Evolution of histeroid beetles (Coleoptera: Histeroidea): phylogenetics, fossil record and life histories
Simon Pražák, Jan ; Fikáček, Martin (advisor) ; Lackner, Tomáš (referee)
Histeroid beetles (Coleoptera: Staphyliformia: Histeroidea) represent an important lineage of beetles, known for a rich diversity of body forms and inhabited environments. In this thesis, I summarize available information about their position in the beetle tree of life and the available information about their ecology and biology. I specifically address current ideas about the evolution of the four histeroid families (Histeridae, Cretohisteridae, Synteliidae and Sphaeritidae) and the internal phylogeny of the Histeridae. To understand the available data about the past diversity of the group, I provide a summary of all described fossil species. The group has undergone numerous habitat shifts, often connected with apparent morphological and behavioural adaptations, some of which likely increased the diversification rate of respective lineages. This thesis aims to connect the available phylogenetic, fossil and ecological data to provide a summary of the evolutionary history of the lineage.
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New analytical techniques for the study of amber inclusions
Škorpíková, Šárka ; Prokop, Jakub (advisor) ; Sakala, Jakub (referee)
Amber is an amorphous organic material, a fossil plant resin, mostly produced by Mesozoic and Cenozoic wetland trees. It was often used in jewelry in the past. However, together with the development of paleobiology it has begun to be used as an object of scientific studies, due to its unique abilities to conserve various inclusions in their three-dimensional matter and unusual preservation of their structures. These facts show its important role in the reconstruction of past ecosystems and organism interactions. Various groups of insects and chelicerates groups are typical inclusions that can be found in fossil resins. But the spectrum of these fossil organisms is much wider - from unicellular to vertebrates. For menaningful research of fossil material, precise analytic observations methods are necessary. Their development made a huge progress in last few years. This thesis summarizes the overview of some of these methods and also of inclusions described in several past years from various amber deposits (review of major deposits is included). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Selected localities of Prague for teaching biology and geology
Cibíková, Markéta ; Rajsiglová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the most important Prague locations that are suitable for biological and geological excursion. Very important is practical teaching biology and geology. It is desirable that students understand the processes of ancient geological history, that they have seen with their own eyes preserved fossils and that they know how plants and animals which are integral part of teaching biology look like. In this point of view the theoretical teaching in the classrooms is insufficient. In the work is included biological and geological characteristics of selected sites aimed at their geologicla formation, rock, fossils, plants and animals that are found there. Itinerary for each excursion should be designed. There are links to worksheets made by methodical portal RVP which are the part of my work. Short introduction of teaching biology and geology in foreign countries and their access to excursion is presented as well. This thesis was designed for teachers of biology and geology to make preparations of their own excursions easier.
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Diversity of European pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones)
Kotrbová, Jana ; Šťáhlavský, František (advisor) ; Christophoryová, Jana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is description of diversity of Pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones) in Europe. Europe is the best explored continent of the world in the range of the order Pseudoscorpions. This is due to long-term tradition in the research of Pseudoscorpions. There was noted 755 species in Europe until 2011, which are sorted into 14 families. The most numerous family is Neobisiidae (12 genus, 401 species), following families Chthoniidae (5 genus, 214 species), Chernetidae (8 genus, 49 species), Cheliferidae (9 genus, 37 species), Syarinidae (5 genus, 13 species), Olpiidae (3 genus, 10 species), Larcidae (1 genus, 6 species), Garypinidae (3 genus, 5 species), Atemnidae (2 genus, 5 species), Withiidae (1 genus, 4 species), Geogarypidae (1 genus, 3 species), Cheiridiidae (2 genus, 3 species), Garypidae (1 genus, 3 species) and Bochicidae (2 genus, 2 species). The families Neobisiidae, Chthoniidae, Cheliferidae, Cheiridiidae a Chernetidae occur almost in whole Europe, the remaining families are noted mainly from southern areas of Europe. The extension of Pseudoscorpions is influenced by many factors, either abiotic (temperature, humidity, altitude and geological factor) or biotic (foresy and human influence). In detail it is not possible to evaluate the influence of individual factors due to limited number...
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Preventive and remedial conservation methodology for the collection specimens falling within palaeontology and mineralogy endangered by sulphide degradation products
Sklenář, Jan ; Ekrt, Boris ; Sejkora, Jiří ; Kolesar, Peter ; Gazdová, Zuzana ; Malíková, Radana ; Nohejlová, Martina ; Kotlík, Petr ; Novák, Michal ; Ďurovič, Michal ; Říhová Ambrožová, Jana
The methodology is a complex system of procedures involving experimentally verified as well as modified already known methods, completely novel procedures, and their combinations. Many technologies as well as materials are employed for the first time in this field. Modifications of the existing methods bring either effectivity improvements, invasivity reduction or both. This methodology is the very first to cover all phases of the collection material treatment from acquisition to final storage. The methodology structuring follows logical succession of procedures. The theoretical chapter summarizes grounds of the degradation process, materials endangered with sulphide degradation and products of it. Area maps of types of sulphides labelled by process of origin, and a map of high-risk Czech localities are also involved. This introductory chapter is followed by part devoted to methods of field work and early care, suitable preventative collection care, and procedures of the remedial care. A special remedial care chapter for paper-documentation is also involved. This chapter is followed by instrumental methods useful for detection of degradation products and their influence on specimen condition. A separate part focuses on suitable ways of documentation. The safety-hazards chapter closes the methodology. The methodology is equipped with a list of references and flow diagrams helping the user to find the suitable procedure fast and easily. The methodology project was supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic under NAKI DF12P01OVV031.
Fulltext: nusl-203643_3 -  PDF
Slides: nusl-203643_1 - PDF; nusl-203643_2 - PDF; nusl-203643_4 - PDF; nusl-203643_5 - PDF; nusl-203643_6 - PDF
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Transformation
ZAPLETALOVÁ, Petra
Abstract The thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part of my thesis I would like to describe the development of art, especially the prehistoric times, the specifics of the time and gradual changes, focusing on the life of prehistoric creatures and their development. Zoom personalities related to this topic, especially illustrators, painters, filmmakers, who are involved in public awareness about the picture of the time. Finally, I would like to mention the influence of authors and styles of the 20th century and approached the work of contemporary artists inspired by this theme. In the practical part of the thesis, deals with the presentation selected and died out creatures. To this I would like to take the theoretical and practical knowledge based on my work involved.
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Sborník abstraktů ze 4. mezinárodní. konference o bioerozi
Forty-four international contributions on bioerosion from the fossil record and from modern settings show that the first intensively bioturbated substrates were carbonate hardgrounds, soon followed by carbonate bioclasts. By the end of Paleozoic, wood bioerosion starts to take place; marine bioerosion in lithic substrates have much diversified during the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. The set of extended abstracts also shows increasing interest on mammals as tracemakers, and on bioerosion on non-marine settings.
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