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Vztah mezi průběhem dojení a dojivostí a zdravotním stavem mléčné žlázy
SEZIMOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis deals with the relationships between the course of milking and the order of milking during the day, milk yield, stage of lactation, breed affiliation of cows and changes in the course of milking and other monitored indicators in cows with masti-tis. The literature review discusses current trends concerning the milking process, milk flow, monitoring of milking parameters, management software and factors that affect the whole milking process. The overview, which focuses mainly on mastitis and the risk factors associated with it, also covers various udder diseases. Data from each milking was collected for two farms and then the effect of the different grading cri-teria on the observed milking parameters were assessed. These were milking order, number of days in lactation on milking day, milk yield, average milk flow (in the first 15 s, 15 to 30 s, in the second 30 s and in the 2nd min of milking), proportion of milk yield in the first 2 min of the total milk yield, maximum and average milk conductivi-ty and temperature, average and maximum milk flow, total milking time and milking time at milk flow below 1 l/min. Subsequently, the data for DIM, milk yield, average milk flow (in the first 15 s, 15 to 30 s, in the second 30 s and in the 2nd min of mil-king) and the proportion of milk yield in the first 2 min were calculated. The diffe-rence between the maximum and average conductivity values and the difference between the milk flow values in the second 30 s of milking and in the second 15 s from the start of milking were also calculated. From the results it was found that Holstein cows, compared to dairy cows of the Czech Spotted Cattle breed, have a higher average milk yield, higher average milk flow and shorter total milking time. Also, milk yield in the morning milking is not always higher than in the afternoon milking. The average milk flow was highest from day 61 to day 120 of lactation. In the case of excessive flow, total milk yield, milk yield in the first 2 min of milking and its share of total milk yield were higher. In bimodal milk flow were found higher milk flow in the first and second 15 s of milking and also higher maximum milk flow and lower flow in the second 30 s of milking. A puzzling finding was the milk con-ductivity, as it decreased on the day of mastitis, when the conductivity should be highest. According to some authors, milk conductivity should always increase with the temperature of the milk sample, but this claim was not confirmed from the results.
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Use of infrared thermography in dairy cow health management
BERÁNKOVÁ, Barbora
The thesis deals with the use of infrared thermography in dairy cow health management. The research part of the thesis focuses on mammary physiology, thermoregulation, and heat stress management. It also outlines the issues of the most common disease in cattle with a focus on mastitis. The second part focuses on infrared thermography. It discusses its importance and application in operation. Subsequent chapters deal with thermographic cameras, the thermogram and the characteristics of live object measurements. The last chapter of the theoretical part focuses on robotic systems and their use in dairy farming. The practical part deals with the use of thermal cameras for mastitis recognition in dairy cows. On average, 800 dairy cows were included in the experiment and the observed data were collected from May 2023 to March 2024. For data evaluation, udder thermograms from dairy cows with the highest and lowest somatic cell counts were selected and compared with each other and statistically evaluated. The results of the experiment showed that the FLIR E96 camera with better resolution had a higher cumulative success rate of 71,43 %, which can already be considered statistically significant. Cohen's Kappa has a value of 0,407, which indicates a good correlation. In the case of the E6 camera, the cumulative success rate of the evaluation was 57,43 %. Cohen's Kappa has a value of 0,132, indicating very little agreement.
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Vliv pohybové aktivity dojnic v krmišti na jejich produkci mléka
Caletková, Jitka
This bachelor's thesis deals with the influence of movement activity of dairy cows in the feedlot on their milk production. The aim was to confirm or disprove the statement that when a dairy cow has more visitors at the trough, she should also have a higher milk yield. Dairy cows were observed at the ZOD Haná, družstvo se sídlem ve Švábenicích, specifically at the VKK Rybníček center with 592 dairy cows. Dairy cows in their first lactation were selected for observation. Observations of dairy cows took place during 2021 (spring, summer and autumn) and 2022 (winter). Each observation during the year contained 12 measurements. The dairy cows that were observed at the trough were entered into the table and subsequently their milk productivity was traced, and the average daily temperature was also entered. The results show that dairy cows that were caught three and four times at the trough had higher milk yields.
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Porovnání ekonomiky výroby mléka českého strakatého skotu na dvou farmách
Smolíková, Petra
This thesis deals with the comparison of the economics of milk production of Czech spotted cattle on two farms. The evaluation was based on three years of data from the farms. The results show that there are differences in milk yield and costs between the farms, which lead to differences in profits. The data was processed using tables and graphs to specify the economics of feed day, milk production, turnover per cow. The last part of the paper highlights the average percentage distribution of the cost of production of the enterprises. The total cost per feeding day, litre of milk and dairy cow was an amount ranging from CZK 7.82 to CZK 76.585.11 in the enterprises depending on the factor and enterprise under study. The main percentages of costs were for feed and bedding, on average The size of the holdings ranged from 378 to 520 cows, with daily milk yields of 16.58 to 24.32 litres of milk per cow in the years under review. The findings and recommendations for improving farm profitability are concluded.
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Faktory ovlivňující welfare dojnic
Zavoralová, Lenka
The Bachelor thesis is developed on the topic of factors affecting the welfare of dairy cows. Its aim was to process a literary research focused on the ethology of dairy cows, welfare and factors influencing the walfare of dairy cows. As a part of the practical part two stables of one farm were monitored. All data for the practical part were obtained at the Zderaz Agricultural Farm. The company is engaged in the breeding of Simmental cattle. The behaviour of the cows was noted in the resting period in the stables, but also at the times with the occurrence of disruptive elements. Observations took place in the old and new stables in order to compare specific stables. Subsequent processing of the results revealed a higher number of lying dairy in the new stable during the day. The time of habit utilizing cows for a new parallel milking parlour was also monitored. After five days, the cows went to the milking parlour relatively alone. Lastly, the mastitis of cows was monitored. The highest number of mastitis was observed in summer July, August 2022.
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Vliv změny techniky krmení jadrné krmné směsi ve stáji s robotickým dojením na užitkovost a BCS dojnic
Konupková, Zora
The thesis focuses on the comparison and evaluation of the effect of changing the feeding technique of the concentrate mixture in a barn with robotic milking on the production and metabolic parameters of dairy cows. The parameters studied included milk yield, BCS and rumen fluid parameters. The change in feeding technique consisted of changing the percentage of concentrate presented in the milking robot and as part of the mixed ration. The BCS was evaluated using a five-point scale with a precision of 0,25 points and included 50 dairy cows. Data on milk performance parameters were obtained from Milk Performance Recording and were evaluated in 49 dairy cows. Collection and laboratory examination of rumen fluids was carried out from six animals before the change in feeding technique and subsequently from six animals after the change in feeding technique. For the parameters studied, two groups of statistical sets were created - before the change in feeding technique and after the change in feeding technique, which were subsequently subjected to statistical analyses. After changing the feeding technique, there was a statistically significant increase (p ≤ 0,05) in the production of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid (from 88,33 mmol/l to 107,53 mmol/l). This increase was mainly due to a statistically significant increase (p < 0,05) in propionic acid production (from 15,40 % to 20,65 %) and a statistically significant decrease (p ≤ 0,05) in acetic acid production (from 68,43 % to 63,97 %). When evaluating the effect of the change in feeding technique on milk yield parameters, there was a significant increase (p < 0,05) in fat content (from 3,96 % to 4,18 %) and a significant decrease (p < 0,05) in protein content (from 3,56 % to 3,50 %) in milk in the first month after the change in feeding technique. There was also a statistically significant (p < 0,05) increase (from 24,98 mg/100 ml to 38,24 mg/100 ml) in urea content in milk after the change in feeding technique. There was also a significant increase (p < 0,05) in the mean fat/protein ratio of milk (from 1,12 to 1,20). When BCS of dairy cows was monitored, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0,05) in the average BCS of the herd (from 3,39 to 3,67) after changing the feeding technique. When the amount of concentrate allocated in the milking robot was reduced, there was a highly statistically significant (p < 0,001) reduction in the amount of residue (from 0,883 kg to 0,203 kg). The results obtained prove that the change in feeding technique had a positive effect on rumen fermentation processes and on the balancing of the nutritional status of the herd.
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Vlivy působící na kvalitu a složení bazénových vzorků mléka u dojnic českého strakatého skotu v konkrétním chovu
Strnadová, Jitka
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the influences on the quality and composition of bulk milk samples of dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle. The observation took place within one calendar year (January to December 2022) in the selected breeding of GenAgro Říčany a.s., when we took a total of 52 milk samples. The obtained samples were analyzed and, together with the data from the temperature-humidity sensors (HOBO), sorted in the Microsoft Excel program and subsequently evaluated in the STATISTICA 14.0 program. The highest number of somatic cells (SB) in milk was in the summer, while the lowest in the winter and spring (P < 0,05). The highest number of SB was in the temperature zone at 20.1 °C and the lowest at 0 °C (P < 0,05). The highest number of SB was found in the period with the highest average lactation order (P < 0,05). Regarding the influence of lactation phase, it was found that the highest number of SB was found in dairy cows in the period with the highest average lactation phase (P < 0,05). No significant differences (P > 0,05) were found for the other milk productivity parameters. Over the entire follow-up, the freezing point averaged -0,552°C in all cases.
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Vliv ročního období a pořadí laktace na kvalitu mleziva holštýnských krav ve vybraném podniku
Slechanová, Marie
The topic of the bachelor's thesis was to monitor the influence of the season and the order of lactation on the quality of colostrum of Holstein cows. The bachelor thesis is divided into several parts. In the literary research, the work deals with the characteristics, meaning and composition of colostrum. The theoretical part describes the effects on the quality of colostrum or colostrum preservation. In the practical part is characterized, the company that provided the data and samples for this work. Colostrum from dairy cows in the 1st to 3rd and higher lactations during the seasons was evaluated. Density, the amount of lactose in colostrum, and the percentage of fat, protein, and lactose were measured from the evaluation indicators. The results show that the quality of colostrum increases with increasing lactation. Based on the obtained results, it is not proven that the influence of the season has a major influence on the quality of colostrum. The measured values of the indicators were higher or lower on the monitored farm in accordance with the professional literature.
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Vliv stájového mikroklimatu a intenzity osvětlení na mléčnou užitkovost a reprodukci holštýnských dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Fábry, Ivan
This bachelor thesis focuses on stable microclimate and lighting intensity and their effect on milk yield and reproduction parameters of cattle. The literature review was focused on the parameters of the stable microclimate, milk yield and reproduction of cattle and the factors that influence them. In the practical part was evaluated the correlation between temperature, lighting intensity and parameters of milk yield (milk quantity and composition) and reproduction (length of service period, percentage of pregnancy). The data presented in the practical part of the bachelor thesis come from a specific farm in the Zlín region. Temperature and light intensity were measured by Minikin RTi/QTi sensor, which was placed in the selected stable. The data were continuously downloaded and analysed by mathematical and statistical methods to evaluate the correlation between the measured data and the parameters of milk yield and reproduction.
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Porovnání získaných informací o množství nadojeného mléka z kontroly užitkovosti a z dojírenských systémů
Žáková, Monika
The aim of this thesis was to compare milking data from farm productivity control and milking systems. Data collection using a PDA was used here as part of a performance check when milk from each dairy cow was recorded manually from a currently calibrated measuring system. The data from the milking system was downloaded from the Farmsoft program, which is used on farms to manage the herd. The comparison took place in 90 dairy cows when 3 lactations were evaluated from each. The difference between the data from the milking parlour system and the KU was confirmed on one of the three farms with more than a 5% probability. The average difference between milk yield was 4.2 kg and the maximum deviation reached 54.1 kg. Several possibilities have been identified as reasons for the difference. The first option is an inappropriate identification device in the form of responders on collars, when there is greater damage and the impossibility of loading dairy cows at the milking parlour. Subsequently, it is possible to point to the different techniques of the milking parlours, where the technology from the BouMatic farm appears to be less reliable. Another possible cause is a misconfiguration of the milking technology with the computer system. Further research into the possible causes of poor identification of dairy cows and the acquisition of innovative technologies for animal identification is recommended.
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