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Objectifiacation, comparison,, and degree of association of maladaptive indicators in athletes
Kaľata, Maroš ; Malý, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kaplan, Aleš (referee) ; Lehnert, Michal (referee)
Objectification, comparison, and degree of association of maladaptive indicators in athletes Aim: The aim of this study was to identify bilateral and unilateral asymmetries in different components of neuromuscular testing among young athletes, and compare these asymmetries with respect to sport type, age group, performance level, and gender. The secondary aim was to assess the degree of association between types of asymmetry (morphological, balance, strength, and running asymmetry). Methods: The sample population consisted of young male and female athletes aged 10 to 19 with various sports specializations. The participants were grouped by various factors: predominant characteristic of the sport (symmetrical (SY), asymmetrical (ASY), hybrid (HY)); chronological age (10-12 years, 13-15 years, 16-18 years); performance level (elite, sub-elite), and gender. Asymmetry was assessed from morphology and various neuromuscular assessments: distribution of muscle mass on the lower limbs (MA), bilateral differences in the size of the center of pressure path length (APS), maximum active (APF) and impact peak force (IPF) and force impulse (FI) at initial (Z) and final (K) running speed, bilateral asymmetry of knee extensors (Q:Q) and flexors (H:H), and H:Q ratio (unilateral asymmetry) at three angular velocities...
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Side difference in morphology of the medial humeral epicondyle in context of the ulnar neuropathy of elbow.
Radvanská, Edita ; Mezian, Kamal (advisor) ; Jačisko, Jakub (referee)
The ulnar neuropathy of the elbow (UNE) is the second most common compression neuropathy in the upper extremity. The studies of impact of bone morphology on the origin of the ulnar neuropathy are inconsistent. According to the recently published retrospective analysis of 880 cases of the cubital tunnel syndrome, the incidence of the ulnar neuropathy is more often on the left side, independent of handedness. The theoretical part of this thesis contains a summary of recent literature with an emphasis on the etiology, basics of diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation of the UNE. The experimental part is made of the measurement of ten parameters of humerus bones. The aim of this experiment was to decide whether some of these measures were different compared to the other side. There were statistically significant differences in 4 of 9 crucial parameters, where the right side was bigger than the left side, therefore we believe the influence of bone morphology on the origin of the UNE cannot be excluded. The results may help towards a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of the origin of the UNE and therefore be a valuable starting point for other studies of prevention, diagnosis and therapy of the UNE.
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Bilateral Asymmetries of Lower Limb's Muscle Activity during Basic Movement of Cha-Cha-Cha dance
Vondrášek, David ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
1 Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the degree of bilateral asymmetry of lower limbs' muscle activity in the dance movement Cha-cha-cha and to determine the cause of bilateral asymmetries of lower limbs' muscle activity. Differences in muscle activity of contralateral lower limbs might be caused by the factor of bilaterally asymmetrical movement patterns, the factor of neural pathways or the factor of training. We hypotetize that comparing the direction of bilateral asymmetry in muscle activity between asymmetrical dance movement and its mirror alternative can determine the cause of bilateral asymmetry in muscle activity of lower limbs within the movement. We studied 14 volunteers (7 men, 7 women), all were actively dancing at competitive level. We tested the muscle activity of musculus vastus lateralis (VL), musculus biceps femoris (BF), musculus tibialis anterior (TA) a musculus gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) using surface electromyography. The dance movement Cha-cha-cha was bilaterally asymmetrical in the muscle activity of VL, TA and GL. Direction of lower limbs' muscle activity indicates, that TA, being a muscle responsible for foot movement, might be affected by the factor of neural pathways and brain laterality, while VL and GL might be more affected by the factor of training. Key...
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