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Changes of ecosystem loads in longitudinal profile of anthropogenic polluted river
Kohušová, Kateřina ; Tonika, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
Disertační práce Změny zátěže ekosystému v podélném profilu antropogenně ovlivněného toku Kateřina Kohušová Changes of ecosystem load in longitudinal profile of antropogenically influenced river ABSTRACT To determine anthropogenic load of the Bílina river ecosystem we monitored concentrations of selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) and specific organic substances (PAH, PCB, HCH, HCB, DDT) in three different matrices: surface water, biofilms and sediments. In the longitudinal profile of the river, four sampling profiles were determined (B1 - B4), mapping different parts of the river. The monitoring took place from 2005 to 2008. Concentrations of the substances monitored in surface water showed a decrease in load compared to the values from ten years ago. The concentrations found in surface water showed clear tendency of pollution in the longitudinal profile; the load increased downstream and profiles B3 and B4 mid- and downstream had the highest concentration. In the case of some concentrations of substances in surface water there is a trend of the majority of values being below the detection limit by the given methods of analysis. This shows a decrease of load in the river but the positive trend was invalidated by variations in maximum concentrations. Even though these variations were rare and...
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Ability of plants to adapt to anthropogenic pollution
Vachek, Tadeáš ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
Due to global climate change and human interventions, the environment is changing rapidly. This brings many stress factors that organisms must adapt to. One of the adaptive mechanisms currently widely discussed is rapid evolution, i.e., hereditary change based on natural selection occurring at an ecologically relevant pace. This work deals with the synthesis of knowledge about rapid evolution, the methodology of its research, and its role in the adaptive processes of plants to anthropogenic pollution, focusing on heavy metals in soil and artificial light at night. The collected studies indicate that heavy metals exert strong selective pressure that can lead to the separation of a tolerant population from the original within a few generations. However, the significance of artificial light at night as a selective factor for plant evolution has not yet been studied. Although individual studies deal with adaptive evolution in phototactic insects in response to artificial light at night, extensive research has not been conducted here either. From the general examination of the effects of artificial light at night on organisms (especially animals), both direct and indirect impacts on their functioning are evident, many of which have not yet been described in detail. Thus, the direct and indirect impacts...
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Water quality and the assessment of anthropogenic pollution in the sediments of the Elber River oxbow lakes
Beranová, Lucie ; Chalupová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Havlíková, Petra (referee)
In this thesis, water quality and the assessment of anthropogenic pollution in the sediments of the middle course of the Elbe River oxbow lakes Kozelská and Vrť were studied. It is widely accepted that the oxbow lakes are extremely significant ecosystems, However, a large amount of contaminated material may deposit in these lakes. The pollution probably comes from industrial sources of contamination from the second half of the 20th century. In addition, the oxbow lakes show the development of the riverbed, and contribute to the stability of the river ecosystem. The research of Lake Kozelská was chosen especially to its proximity to the chemical factory Spolana in Neratovice, which used to be the biggest source of pollution of the Elbe River. The research included bathymetric measurements, regular observations of hydrological regime, monthly analysis of chemical and physical parameters of water in the period from December 2016 to November 2017, and marginally microscopic analyses of phytoplankton and zooplankton species too. The next part of this research included grain analysis and determination of metal and arsenic concentrations in the sediment fraction of 20µm using Aqua Regia leaching and total decomposition as well. Concerning water quality assessment, these lakes were characterized by higher...
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Changes of ecosystem loads in longitudinal profile of anthropogenic polluted river
Kohušová, Kateřina ; Tonika, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
Disertační práce Změny zátěže ekosystému v podélném profilu antropogenně ovlivněného toku Kateřina Kohušová Changes of ecosystem load in longitudinal profile of antropogenically influenced river ABSTRACT To determine anthropogenic load of the Bílina river ecosystem we monitored concentrations of selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, V, Zn) and specific organic substances (PAH, PCB, HCH, HCB, DDT) in three different matrices: surface water, biofilms and sediments. In the longitudinal profile of the river, four sampling profiles were determined (B1 - B4), mapping different parts of the river. The monitoring took place from 2005 to 2008. Concentrations of the substances monitored in surface water showed a decrease in load compared to the values from ten years ago. The concentrations found in surface water showed clear tendency of pollution in the longitudinal profile; the load increased downstream and profiles B3 and B4 mid- and downstream had the highest concentration. In the case of some concentrations of substances in surface water there is a trend of the majority of values being below the detection limit by the given methods of analysis. This shows a decrease of load in the river but the positive trend was invalidated by variations in maximum concentrations. Even though these variations were rare and...
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The Earth Atmosphere and Astronomical Observations
ZBEJVALOVÁ, Jana
This work has the task outline view of the astronomical observations, not only in the Earth's atmosphere, but also in the far space. It provides a brief overview of the first optical devices to the latest space observatory. It also deal with the impact of anthropogenic and light pollution on astronomical observations.
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