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Diverzita flóry tramvajových kolejišť
Navrátilová, Eva
The thesis deals with the research of plants growing in tram tracks. There were selected 5 cities for this research – Brno, Olomouc, Ostrava, Plzeň and Praha. Lists of species and character of tracks were recorded on stops and between them. There were 200 species found in total. 103 of them were native to the Czech Republic. The most frequent ones were for example prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculare agg.), wall barley (Hordeum murinum), groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) and prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola). There were also found 7 endangered species – for example salt sandspurry (Spergularia marina). Statistical analysis also discovered that there was a difference between the flora of particual cities. In every city except Praha there were species typical for the city. For example, buck's-horn plantain (Plantago coronopus) in Plzeň.
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The effect of alien mycorrhizal plants on the community composition of mycorrhizal fungi
Kubove, Eva ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Among the most significant changes in biotic conditions is the globalization of the biosphere and the moving of organisms to their non-native range, which affects the local biocenosis and poses a threat to both the ecological and economic prosperity. Since mycorrhizal plants include most species, an important aspect that the plant must deal with when introducing and colonizing new territories is mycorrhizal symbiosis. This association, along with the composition of the symbiotic fungal community, can change in dynamic process, often in the negative way. Invasive plants disrupt the symbiosis with their allelopathic substances, dicrease the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi and host fitness. Also, they can take over the symbionts of native plants or change their community. When they gain monodominance in the community, they can change the dynamics of the entire ecosystem. This thesis aims to characterize and describe the role of mycorrhizae in plant invasions and the influence of these plants on the community composition of the mycorrhizal microbiome.
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Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities
Kubátová, Michaela ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Michaela Kubátová Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities This study is about problems and questions of alien plants and their relation to native communities in their new range. Ecologists are increasingly aware that soil organisms may affect plant communities because they are part of the processes that affect them. The soil organisms may affect the success of alien species invasion. Each species of plants differ in interaction with soil organisms, these interactions can result in specific feedback that will influence the future growth of other plants. According to Darwin's naturalization hypothesis related species should have similar enemies. This implies less successful invasion of alien plants at home with relatives. The practical part consists of two experiments. Using plant-soil feedback I studied under controlled conditions the importance of kinship of native plants and their soil organisms on the growth of three species of alien plants Impatiens, Parviflora, Stenactis annua and Epilobium ciliatum. There were used soil samples from localities with related and unrelated species; the soil was used as inoculums for growing first-generation plants, where there were original related, unrelated and alien plants. In the second phase only alien species were grown. Part of...
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Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities
Kubátová, Michaela ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Michaela Kubátová Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities This study is about problems and questions of alien plants and their relation to native communities in their new range. Ecologists are increasingly aware that soil organisms may affect plant communities because they are part of the processes that affect them. The soil organisms may affect the success of alien species invasion. Each species of plants differ in interaction with soil organisms, these interactions can result in specific feedback that will influence the future growth of other plants. According to Darwin's naturalization hypothesis related species should have similar enemies. This implies less successful invasion of alien plants at home with relatives. The practical part consists of two experiments. Using plant-soil feedback I studied under controlled conditions the importance of kinship of native plants and their soil organisms on the growth of three species of alien plants Impatiens, Parviflora, Stenactis annua and Epilobium ciliatum. There were used soil samples from localities with related and unrelated species; the soil was used as inoculums for growing first-generation plants, where there were original related, unrelated and alien plants. In the second phase only alien species were grown. Part of...
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