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Plant adaptations for pollination by nocturnal animals
Bakovská, Julie ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Sklenář, Petr (referee)
Nocturnal pollination is a part of the reproductive process of plants. The night is characterized by changes in abiotic factors, mainly by a decrease in solar radiation and temperature, while plants and pollinators adapt to these conditions. Plants and pollinators adapt to each other throught the process of coevolution. As a result plants present traits preferred by their pollinators. Sets of convergent traits shared by plants pollinated by single functional group are called pollination syndromes and include reward type, scent, colour and flower morphology. The pollination syndromes and other adaptations of plants pollinated by nocturnal pollinators are presented in this thesis, in the context of adaptations of pollinators' senses to nighttime conditions. Simultaneously, it is referred to the evolutionary reasons for the transition of activity to the night. Significant nocturnal pollinators, associated with pollination syndromes include moths, divided into hawkmoths (sphingophily pollination syndrome) and other nocturnal moths (phalaenophily), bats (chiropterophily) and non-flying mammals (therophily). Other important nocturnal pollinators exhibiting adaptations to nocturnal pollination are beetles and nocturnal bees.
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Variabilita hlasu drozda zpěvného \kur{(Turdus philomelos)}
MAJEROVÁ, Veronika
I studied the variability of the species-specific song of the Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) and its vocal mimicry. Individuals were recorded, and the sequences were subsequently analysed. I tested several hypotheses that deal with avian vocal mimicry. In this work, the influence of vegetation structure and abiotic factors on the use of imitated species in Song Thrush voice was also presented.
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Natural regeneration of spruce stands in Vysoké Tatry (High Tatras) after large scale disturbation
Michalová, Zuzana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Wild, Jan (referee)
The observational study on natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was provided during seasons 2010 and 2011 in the windthrow area of High Tatra National Park. The main aim of this master thesis was to describe the distribution pattern in Norway spruce regeneration as well as to estimate the spatial scale, which most preciselly describes the differences in its phenotypic variability. Following step was to determine the relative influence of abiotic and stand factors on the growth characteristics and abundance of spruce seedlings. The Main focus lied on stressing the role of biotic interactions, like intraspecific and interspecific competition, leading to certain discrepancies in the phenotype, as well as in abundance of spruce seedlings.The reponse in variability in spruce traits was recognized at each spatial level. The results showed clear causality between soil moisture and vegetation composition, which both directly modified not only the phenotype of spruce seedlings and plants, but have even influenced their counts on particular stands.
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The effect of habitat continuity and management on species composition and diversity
Hubáčková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Semi-natural grasslands of the eastern Moravia have big potential to host species-rich plant communities. However, changes in land-use during the second half of the last century were rapid and vast and many grasslands had been ploughed over. In the early 80s some arable lands were sown with low diversity clover-grass mixture and transferred back to grassland. Restoration of grasslands on former arable fields is a major challenge. Their colonisation by grassland species may be complicated by initial seeding productive low diversity seed mixtures. The aim of this study was to estimate differences in species composition and species diversity between ex-arable artificially seeded grasslands and fragments of grasslands with continuity over 70 years in the north part of White Carpathian Mts., SE Czech Republic and identify species traits limiting species ability to colonize the ex-arable grasslands. Target plant species (total of 137) were surveyed on 66 grasslands. Surveyed grasslands were according to continuity and type of management. Coordinates of centroids from each polygon (i. e. surveyed grassland) were used to treat the spatial correlation of the surveyed grasslands. The effect of continuity on species composition and diversity was tested after accounting for differences in the management and...
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Zdroj živin a jeho efekt na metabolismus rostlin a jejich vývoj
Sadcovschi, Olga
Plant metabolome reflects plants' fitness and presents an essential source of information for plant molecular biology. This thesis „Nutrition source and its effect on plant metabolism and development“ reviews the role of abiotic factors on plant growth and development, including nutrients, light, temperature and water availability, and outlines modern metabolomics approaches. The experimental part employs several models and demonstrates an application of LC-MS fatty acid analysis and GC-MS metabolomics in the study of response to abiotic or hormonal stimuli, nutrient availability and temperature stress responses. Further, a novel hormonomics approach for poplar leaf analyses was adapted.
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Effects of abiotic factors on hemiparasitic plants
SVĚTLÍKOVÁ, Petra
This thesis focuses on the ecophysiology of hemiparasitic plants. In its introduction, I review our understanding of abiotic factor effects on root and stem hemiparasites and highlight gaps in our knowledge which would be interesting to explore in future. The following four chapters are first author articles that investigate responses of selected root hemiparasites from the rhinanthoid clade of Orobanchaceae to varying availability of abiotic factors such as light, water, and mineral nutrients.
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Importance of biotic and abiotic components in feedback between plants and soil
Hanzelková, Věra ; Pánková, Hana (advisor) ; Knappová, Jana (referee)
The plant-soil feedback affects the forming of a plant community. Plants affect their own species as well as other species. The plant-soil feedback can be both positive and negative. Plants affect soil, change its properties, and the soil affects the plants reciprocally. Soil components can be divided into biotic and abiotic ones. The abiotic component is represented by physical and chemical properties of the soil. The main properties are the soil structure, the soil moisture, the soil temperature, the soil pH and the amount and availability of nutrients. The biotic component is composed of soil biota. The individual organisms can function as decomposers, symbionts and pathogens. The majority of soil organisms is composed of microorganisms, the most important of which are fungi and bacteria. The effect of the abiotic component in plant-soil feedback is mostly nonspecific, while the effect of the biotic component is more specific. These components interact with each other and determine the resulting effect on the plants and the type and intensity of interaction between various plant species. The aim of this thesis is to show the importance of these components in the plant-soil feedback. Key words: plant-soil feedback, abiotic factors, biotic factors, soil structure, soil water, soil temperature, pH,...
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