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The Importance of Assessing Nutritional Status in the Primary Prevention of Geriatric Frailty and Sarcopenia.
Vágnerová, Tereza ; Holcátová, Ivana (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee) ; Bužga, Marek (referee)
Aims: Based on the analysis of SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) data in the Czech Republic, map the current situation in the field of malnutrition and (geriatric) frailty diagnosis in primary care. To describe the prevalence of frailty and related nutritional disorders, including the factors influencing their occurrence in the Czech population 50+ and to assess lifestyle factors (physical activity and dietary habits) and awareness of this population of possible available intervention strategies for the above described diseases. Methods: The analysis included the results of the CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) primary questionnaire common to all participating countries and the National Written Questionnaire developed exclusively for the Czech Republic. For the National Written Questionnaire I designed a special module D, "Nutrition" summarizing questions related to dietary habits, nutritional care and nutritional literacy. Standardly used and validated scales and dg. criteria (SHARE FIt, SHARE FIx, FRAIL Scale, MST, GLIM criteria, BMI and hand-grip test) were used to assess the prevalence of frailty, malnutrition, obesity and sarcopenic obesity, which are not part of the CAPI primary questionnaire assessment. Modified scales of the EURO-D score, Beck Anxiety...
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Changing role of GP in the Czech healthcare system
Jiras, Jan ; Kotherová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Veselý, Arnošt (referee)
This thesis focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the position of general practitioners within the Czech healthcare system. Emphasis is placed on comparing the perspectives of three generations of general practitioners, encompassing medical students in the process of specialization selection, mid-career general practitioners, and those approaching retirement age. The objective of this study is to explore the historical development of the position of general practitioners and gain a detailed insight into its strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the research delves into the identification of key factors that may influence this position over time. Lastly, the study evaluates whether the current healthcare reform addresses the present challenges and issues faced by both current and future general practitioners.
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The role of the paediatric nurse in vaccination
SMETANOVÁ, Lucie
Current situation: Nowadays, we can more often meet parents who refuse expectations for their child. For other parents, it is not clear how they should behave when offered standard and above-standard vaccinations. They do not have enough information, or they have too much information, often purposeful, often inaccurate, or, on the contrary, expert but not understandable to the general public. Aim of the study: The aim of the research was to determine the current role of the paediatric nurse in the vaccination process, to assess their role in providing information to parents, to identify the barriers encountered by paediatric nurses in the vaccination process and, last but not least, to assess the level of parental awareness of vaccination. Methodology: For the quantitative research, non-standardized questionnaires were used. The questionnaires were distributed via social networks and also in paper form in the South Bohemia region. 215 questionnaires were obtained and processed as part of the survey. Qualitative analysis was carried out using semi-structured interviews. Nurses working in primary care at PLDDs in České Budějovice and Třeboň participated in the interviews. Results: The quantitative part of the survey found that parental awareness is high and parents often seek information about vaccination themselves. Out of the total 215 respondents, only 6 (3%) respondents do not vaccinate. The biggest reasons for not vaccinating are concerns about the reaction. Related to this is the question about fear of side effects, to which 111 (52%) of the 215 respondents answered that they were concerned. Paediatric nurses play a very important role in the vaccination process from education, storage, preparation, administration of the vaccine to monitoring the child after vaccination. From the qualitative survey, it was assessed that the key role of the pediatric nurse lies in the education of both children and adults. The results of the quantitative survey also agree with this. Conclusion: It is very important not to stop vaccination education. Parental education is therefore very important and should be started as soon as possible.
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The educational role of the nurse working in primary care
MARKOVÁ, Monika
The thesis focuses on the educational role of the nurse working in primary care. Education is the upbringing and training of an individual, the aim of which is to change their behaviour, attitudes, actions and beliefs. Primary care is comprehensive and coordinated care. It is a set of activities that focus mainly on prevention, health promotion, but also on treatment, therapy and examination. High demands are placed on the primary care nurse in terms of the proper and smooth running of the practice, administration or performance of procedures. The first aim of this thesis was to find out how nurses working in primary care educate and motivate their patients to make lifestyle changes. The second aim was to find out in which areas the nurse most frequently educates. The practical part of the thesis is developed through qualitative research. The research population consists of twelve nurses working in practices of adult general practitioners. The data was collected using a semi-structured interview. The nurses were asked 33 questions that focused on patient education. Based on the interviews and the data collected, the results were open coded into six categories. From the results of the research, it was found that nurses working in primary care do not follow any educational process or have any educational plan, rather they draw from their own experience. It was also found that the nurses do not have enough time for the patient nor a proper educational environment in which to conduct education. According to the results, it was found that nurses most frequently educate patients on issues such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, preventive vaccinations, or elevated levels of cholesterol. The current issue, as of the month of March 2024, when the data collection was conducted, was the educational activities of nurses focused on the issue of whooping cough. Based on the findings, a material for a seminar for nurses working in practices of general practitioners was developed. The seminar focuses on the implementation of effective patient education by a nurse working in an adult general practitioner's office.
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Changing role of GP in the Czech healthcare system
Jiras, Jan ; Kotherová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Veselý, Arnošt (referee)
This thesis focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the position of general practitioners within the Czech healthcare system. Emphasis is placed on comparing the perspectives of three generations of general practitioners, encompassing medical students in the process of specialization selection, mid-career general practitioners, and those approaching retirement age. The objective of this study is to explore the historical development of the position of general practitioners and gain a detailed insight into its strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the research delves into the identification of key factors that may influence this position over time. Lastly, the study evaluates whether the current healthcare reform addresses the present challenges and issues faced by both current and future general practitioners.
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Actors of primary care in Slovakia
Gregorík Baldovská, Alžbeta ; Kotherová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kopsa Těšinová, Jolana (referee)
The thesis is mainly devoted to primary care in Slovakia. Through the analysis of semi- structured interviews with important actors of health policy, but also ordinary doctors, analyzes the attitudes of these actors, identifies the patterns that emerged from their statements, subjects them to mutual confrontation, finds agreements and alliances, and draws conclusions. The thesis is working with advocacy coalition framework and is using stakeholder analysis.
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Competences of nurses caring for pediatric patients in the surgery of practitioner for children and adolescents
TATEROVÁ, Kateřina
The work of a nurse in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents is very diverse. The nurse is primarily involved in primary care, which is a set of activities related to health promotion, prevention, investigation, treatment, rehabilitation and, last but not least, nursing. Her other responsibilities include monitoring and evaluating the child's psychomotor development, thus creating a stimulating environment for healthy development. In the course of her work, the nurse takes on the role of administrator, care coordinator, educator, nurse, team player, organizer and above all communicator. The first objective of this study was to determine the competencies of nurses working in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents. The second aim was to find out the attitude of nurses towards increasing their competencies in caring for paediatric patients in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents. The third aim was to find out what barriers nurses perceive in the application of their competencies in the paediatric and adolescent practice. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis was prepared using a qualitative research method. We used the questionnaire method and the semi-structured interview technique to collect data. The research population consisted of ten nurses working in general practitioner's offices for children and adolescents from the South Bohemia region with different lengths of experience. After transcribing the interviews with the respondents verbatim, we analyzed the results using the open coding method of pencil and paper, where we established seven categories: Workload of nurses, Professional competencies, Increasing nurses' competencies, Adding competencies, Barriers to the application of new competencies, Performing tasks not falling within competencies, Education. The results are summarized in the individual tables and diagrams in the empirical part of this thesis. The survey shows that the most frequently used professional competences of nurses in the general practitioner's office for children and adolescents are vaccinations, checking physiological functions and taking biological material. Nurses' attitudes towards increasing their competencies were predominantly positive. Only two respondents indicated that they would not add any new competencies. The new competencies that the respondents would welcome are sampling and swabs without a doctor's office, administration, basic physical examination, prescribing chronic medications, diabetes education, and wound healing education. The barriers perceived by nurses to exercising their competencies with the pediatric and adolescent general practitioner included limited office hours, overflow patients, and the physician. The remaining seven respondents answered that they did not perceive any barriers. We believe that this bachelor thesis could serve as an overview of the interest of nurses to increase their competencies and as a study material for health professionals and the general public for orientation in the given issue, as well as an overview of the workload of nurses working in the general practitioner's office for children and adolescents.
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Primary care from the point of view of a pediatric nurse working at a general practitioner for children and adolescents
TLAČILOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor's thesis deals with primary care from the perspective of a pediatric nurse working in a general practitioner for children and adolescents. Our aim was to find out the specifics of the work of primary care nurses and their collaboration with parents of children during preventive checkups.The theoretical part focuses on the definition of the term primary care in pediatrics, regular preventive checkups, the job description of the primary care nurse, and educational and communication skills. Our aim was to find out the specifics of the work of primary care nurses and their collaboration with parents of children during preventive checkups. The practical part was developed in the form of a qualitative investigation using a semi-structured interview technique with non-medical staff in a general practitioner's office for children and adolescents
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Education By A Nurse In The Primary Care Of Patients Suffering From Chronic Diseases
JUNGOVÁ, Viktorie
This bachelor thesis deals with nurse education in the primary care of patients suffering from chronic diseases, specifically diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity in paediatric patients. The thesis consists of two parts, a theoretical and an empirical. The theoretical part first focuses on education, basic concepts, the process of education, design and preparation for education, implementation and evaluation. It also deals with primary care, its goals and scope, and finally education for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity in paediatric patients. The empirical part has been carried out in the form of qualitative research through interviews with nurses from GPs for adults and GPs for children and adolescents. The aim was to find out how nurses in primary care actually educate patients with selected chronic diseases. The interviews have been conducted according to pre-prepared questions in which the nurses participated. The research group consisted of five nurses from a general practitioner's office for adults and five nurses from a general practitioner for children and adolescents. The results of the research survey have been categorized into seven categories. The result of the research survey points out that education is most often carried outintheform of a short interview, recommendations and subsequent publication of information leaflets. The nurses cannot rely on whether these leaflets are effective and patients really take them home and study them. The results of the thesis can serve as an aid for orientation in the education of patients with chronic diseases. They can be beneficial to nurses in primary care and can also serve as information material for the public.
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Specifics of Nurse's Work in General Practitioner for Adults
HAMBERGEROVÁ, Veronika
The topic of this bachelor thesis is "The specifics of a nurse's work in general practitioner for adults". It consists of the theoretical part and the research part. The theoretical part firstly focuses on a primary care. It then covers the work of the general practitioner's office, occupational medicine services, medical reports and dispensary care. It aims at the characteristics of the work of the nurse in the general practitioner's office. Also it brings information about the nurse's work in the field of prevention, education, particularly health education, communication and the home health care. Finally, it shares the information about administrative activities of the nurse in the general practitioner's office for adults. The research part was concluded in the form of a qualitative survey. The aim of the survey was to find out the specifics of the nurse's work in the general practitioner's office for adults. Following questions had been asked: 1. What are the specifics of the nurse's work in the general practitioner for adults? 2. Which methods are most frequently used by nurses when educating patients? 3. Which activities nurses do in the field of prevention care? The collection of the data was acquired from the deep interviews, that were realized by nurses, working at the general practitioner's office for adults. Interviews were converted to the text form word-for-word and coded. There were 6 categories and 11 subcategories in total. This research was conducted in February and March 2020 and afterwards finished when it reached theoretical saturation. The result of this thesis can be used as a guide, available to the medical personnel as well as to wide society.
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