|
Health literacy in diabetics
RUSSFELLOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor thesis deals with health literacy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. The first symptoms may manifest as a severe hyperglycaemic state requiring hospital admission. After the diagnosis of the disease, therapy is initiated, in which it is necessary to substitute the missing insulin into the body throughout life and to follow the treatment regimen, namely diet, exercise and self-monitoring of glycaemia. The ability of patients to adhere to the established treatment regimen depends on their health literacy. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of health literacy, the characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus and education of type 1 diabetic patients on regimen measures. The empirical part of the thesis was developed by using qualitative research methodology with research files of patients and nurses. Data collection was done with both research sets through the implemented technique of semi-structured interviews. The data collected was processed using open coding using pencil and paper method and categorized. The intention of this undergraduate thesis was to achieve the four stated aims relating to health literacy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Three objectives were created for the patients, namely to find out from which sources they obtain health relevant information, how they prevent deterioration of their health condition and what habits they have in following their regimen. One objective was created for nurses, which examined how nurses educate patients about regimen measures. The results of the survey showed that patients choose the internet or their doctor as the most common source of health information, primarily their diabetes specialist. The research also found that patients prevent deterioration of their health by keeping regular medical check-ups and adhering to treatment measures, with insulin administration and diet being the most important for them. In addition, it was found that in the area of dietary measures, patients experience difficulties in counting carbohydrate units. Insulin administration is easier for patients using insulin pumps, as patients are comfortable with continuous insulin administration in automatic or manual pump mode. Patients found convalescent stays to be the most effective in adhering to the exercise regimen. In self-monitoring of blood glucose, patients are most comfortable with sensor monitoring. Nurses were also found to be the least focused in patient education about monitoring via sensor. They direct education about exercise regimen to physicians. Nurses are involved in the education of family members and record the results of their education in the educational record. Based on the results obtained, which address the health literacy of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, educational material for nurses educating patients with this disease is developed. The educational material will contribute to the strengthening of nurses' education in the area related to regimen measures in patients with type 1 DM.
|
|
Awareness of Adolescents Children with Diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Adherence Treatment mode.
Čapková, Anna ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis focuses on the problem of diabetes mellitus disease in adolescents and on their attitude to the compliance with the therapeutic regime on the basis of their information level. The education of patients is necessary for their acceptance of the disease and for the succes of its lifelong treatment. The study is devided into two parts : the theoretical one contains basic characteristics of the disease, its history, manner of diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic mode together with information on the education of patients. The second- practical - part includes the results of the investigation, carried out by means of questionaries, which should show the level of awareness about diabetes mellitus among adolescents and their information and attitude to the therapeutic mode, diet, lifestyle . The investigation comprised a total of 50 the respondents aged of from 10 to 18 years. The study should contribute to a more coherent perspective on the presented issues and to identify any deficiencies in the awareness of adolescents of the disease.
|
|
Information for patients about the treatment mode after hip surgery - Total joint replacement
Ondráčková, Eva ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Tomová, Šárka (referee)
My bachelor thesis called "Patients' knowledge of therapeutic mode after surgery of hip joint - total endoprosthesis" deals with a problem of education of patients in case of mode after surgery on Orthopaedic department in St. Zdislava hospital in Mostiště. A theoretic part is focused on summary of findings about hip joint, causes of surgery, types of endoprosthesis, preoperative and postoperative cares, rehabilitation and potential complications after surgery of hip joint. In a practical part, there is introduced a method of research on Orthopaedic department, whose aim is to get into degree of patients' knowing, form of education and simple keeping of preventive measures. In a conclusion of my thesis the results of research and assessment of research acquisiton into practice are summarized.
|
|
Breast cancer cell population. Its usage for setting of optimal therapeutical regimen. Predictive model.
Kolařík, Dušan ; Halaška, Michael (advisor) ; Kofránek, Jiří (referee) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Background Breast cancer cell population characteristics are used in common clinical practice for estimation of prognosis of the malignant disease (prognostic factors) and for prediction of reactivity of the tumor to certain therapeutic modality (predictive factors). Also axillary lymph node status is an independent prognostic factor in women with early breast cancer. Therefore, surgical excision and following histopathological examination of the nodes is the obligatory part of primary breast cancer surgery. The extension of axillary surgery varies widely, although sentinel lymph node biopsy is considered to be the standard procedure. However, it must be admitted that this type of procedure need not be optimal for all the breast cancer patients. Aims of the study The aim of this study is the verify the hypothesis whether or not the axillary lymph node metastatic affection can be effectively estimated using non-surgical methods - i.e. by evaluation of the combination of prognostic and predictive factors of the primary breast tumor. Statistical model composed on the basis of data of early breast cancer patients is the basic tool for this prediction. Application of this model In everyday practice can enable to adjust the extent of axillary surgery for each individual patient. Patients and methods A...
|
|
Breast cancer cell population. Its usage for setting of optimal therapeutical regimen. Predictive model.
Kolařík, Dušan ; Halaška, Michael (advisor) ; Kofránek, Jiří (referee) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Background Breast cancer cell population characteristics are used in common clinical practice for estimation of prognosis of the malignant disease (prognostic factors) and for prediction of reactivity of the tumor to certain therapeutic modality (predictive factors). Also axillary lymph node status is an independent prognostic factor in women with early breast cancer. Therefore, surgical excision and following histopathological examination of the nodes is the obligatory part of primary breast cancer surgery. The extension of axillary surgery varies widely, although sentinel lymph node biopsy is considered to be the standard procedure. However, it must be admitted that this type of procedure need not be optimal for all the breast cancer patients. Aims of the study The aim of this study is the verify the hypothesis whether or not the axillary lymph node metastatic affection can be effectively estimated using non-surgical methods - i.e. by evaluation of the combination of prognostic and predictive factors of the primary breast tumor. Statistical model composed on the basis of data of early breast cancer patients is the basic tool for this prediction. Application of this model In everyday practice can enable to adjust the extent of axillary surgery for each individual patient. Patients and methods A...
|
|
Awareness of Adolescents Children with Diagnosis Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Adherence Treatment mode.
Čapková, Anna ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Vlachová, Marie (referee)
The Bachelor's thesis focuses on the problem of diabetes mellitus disease in adolescents and on their attitude to the compliance with the therapeutic regime on the basis of their information level. The education of patients is necessary for their acceptance of the disease and for the succes of its lifelong treatment. The study is devided into two parts : the theoretical one contains basic characteristics of the disease, its history, manner of diagnosis, treatment and therapeutic mode together with information on the education of patients. The second- practical - part includes the results of the investigation, carried out by means of questionaries, which should show the level of awareness about diabetes mellitus among adolescents and their information and attitude to the therapeutic mode, diet, lifestyle . The investigation comprised a total of 50 the respondents aged of from 10 to 18 years. The study should contribute to a more coherent perspective on the presented issues and to identify any deficiencies in the awareness of adolescents of the disease.
|
|
Information for patients about the treatment mode after hip surgery - Total joint replacement
Ondráčková, Eva ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Tomová, Šárka (referee)
My bachelor thesis called "Patients' knowledge of therapeutic mode after surgery of hip joint - total endoprosthesis" deals with a problem of education of patients in case of mode after surgery on Orthopaedic department in St. Zdislava hospital in Mostiště. A theoretic part is focused on summary of findings about hip joint, causes of surgery, types of endoprosthesis, preoperative and postoperative cares, rehabilitation and potential complications after surgery of hip joint. In a practical part, there is introduced a method of research on Orthopaedic department, whose aim is to get into degree of patients' knowing, form of education and simple keeping of preventive measures. In a conclusion of my thesis the results of research and assessment of research acquisiton into practice are summarized.
|
|
Rules, bans, restrictions in healthcare facilities
KODETOVÁ, Věra
Rules, bans, restrictions in healthcare facilities Improving the quality of care for patients is the main goal of every healthcare facility. Satisfaction of patients with medical and nursing care is one of the indicators of quality. Patients have not only rights but also duties. Among other things, patients{\crq} duties include compliance with rules, bans and restrictions during a visit to healthcare facilities. This particularly concerns compliance with therapeutic rules, instructions given by a physician and other limitations associated with the operation of a healthcare facility. The main objective of this diploma thesis was to identify the patients{\crq} attitude and perception of rules, bans, and restrictions, find out how patients observe them and compare the number of rules, bans and restrictions in both outpatient and inpatient healthcare facilities. The data was collected in a survey undertaken in Nemocnice s poliklinikou Praha Italská (Hospital with Outpatient Clinic Prague Italska). This healthcare facility has 2 hospital wards and 31 specialist outpatient departments. A total of 188 respondents took part in the survey (102 outpatients and 86 inpatients). Five hypotheses were proposed. The first hypothesis, which predicted that most patients would perceive rules, bans and restrictions as burden, was not confirmed. The second hypothesis, which predicted that rules, bans and restrictions that were personal would create more stress in female patients than in male patients, was confirmed. The third hypothesis was also confirmed since female patients from outpatient departments of the healthcare facility were shown to be more compliant with rules, bans and restrictions than male patients. Female inpatients from hospital wards of the healthcare facility were not more compliant with rules, bans and restrictions than male inpatients. The fourth hypothesis was not therefore confirmed. Our assumption that inpatients from hospital wards of the healthcare facility are facing more rules, bans and restrictions than outpatients was disproved. The fifth hypothesis was not therefore confirmed. The author has chosen this topic for her diploma thesis because as a nurse she meets different kinds of patients on a daily basis who react differently to rules, bans and restrictions in this healthcare facility. The results of the survey led us to design training classes for nurses and information brochures for patients who visit healthcare facilities. A sufficient amount of information is a basic prerequisite for understanding and complying with rules, bans and restrictions.
|
|
Education Programmes for Wilson´s Disease Patients
RŮŽIČKOVÁ, Michaela
The Bachelor thesis called ``Education Programmes for Wilson´s Disease Patients`` describes the disease itself, its cause, education programmes provided by nurses, the methods and functions of the education programmes, the impact of the disease on patient´s everyday life and significant changes in his lifestyle as a whole. The thesis has two aims. 1. To find out if educated patients follow the diet recommended to them. 2. To find out how much the Wilson´s disease affects patients´everyday lives. Two hypotheses were stated: The patients are supposed to follow the diet recommmended. The patients´ lifestyle is changed while keeping the therapeutic regime. The hypotheses were verified by a quantitative research technique. The data were collected by a questionnaire which was responded by adult patients of professional departments, 4th Department of Medicine - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Praque and Inpatient and Outpatient Departments in Strakonice. The survey has shown that educated patients follow the diet recommended and the therapeutic regime affects significantly their everyday lives. The hypotheses stated at the beginning were proved. One interesting fact was that the neurology outpatients believe more than the others that their lifestyles are affected by the therapeutic regime. On the other hand most of them think their lives do not differ much from healthy population. The findings of the thesis can improve educational programmes for these patients and their families provided by nurses.
|
|
Education of patients in dialysis programme
PINKASOVÁ, Eva
Kidney diseases belong among the most serious ones. It is difficult for a person suffering from this kind of disease to accept his/her state of health and to learn to live with it. Education in nephrology is indispensable and it is an important means to improve the quality of life of a dialyzed patient. The education is provided by the physician and the nurse. The nephrological nurse informs the patient and his family, educates and trains him/her in order to achieve optimal rehabilitation and the patient's independence. This bachelor thesis deals with education of clients in dialysis programme. The research survey was a quantitative one, to collect data anonymous questionnaires were applied questioning nurses and patients at nephrology departments. The research was carried out in chosen hospitals of the South Bohemian Region, in Písek, Tábor and Prachatice. The clients were distributed 110 questionnaires in total, 65 (100%) of which were used for the research. Nurses of the hemodialysis centers were offered 27 questionnaires, of which 15 (100%) were applied. This paper has set two goals, the first of which was to determine whether nurses provide education of dialyzed patients applying written material. The second goal aimed at finding out whether dialyzed patients are satisfied with the level of care provided by the education. These goals have been fulfilled. Three hypotheses were set. The first hypothesis presumed that nurses at hemodialysis center carry out the education solely by means of written materials. This hypothesis was not confirmed, for nurses apply also other forms of education. The second hypothesis presumed that dialyzed patients are positive about the written materials at the dialysis center. This hypothesis was confirmed. More than one half of patients, 35 out of 65, said they were provided information by means of written material and they considered this method comprehensible. The third hypothesis presumed that within education at the hemodialysis center the patients' questions were always answered. This hypothesis was also confirmed. The research has shown that nurses at hemodialysis centers educate patients by means of written material and they also discuss the issue with patients. Dialyzed patients are satisfied with the level of education and they consider the information received comprehensible and they are given enough time for questions and have a sufficient feedback. By means of this education the patients get new knowledge, new skills and a different view on the hierarchy of values. The right understanding and attitude to his/her state and treatment are necessary. Respecting the process of treatment, respecting the diet the patient may slow down the disease and delay the artificial replacement of lost kidney function. It is therefore very important to keep education of dialyzed patients in mind.
|