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Determination of volatile isoprenoids as water stress markers of spruce resistance against bark beetle
Slušná, Michaela ; Kalinová, Blanka (advisor) ; Hoškovec, Michal (referee)
Isoprenoids are important components of conifer resin and represent an important part of constituted defence system against herbivores and pathogens. Drought is one of the most important factors that influences the tree physiology and resitance. Due to decreased turgor of resin canal cells, the water insufficiency affects the pressure of the resin and thereby the ability of trees to physically prevent pathogen or herbivore invasion by effective outpouring of the resin. In addition, drought can also change the resin composition and thus can influence the quality of volatiles emitted by the tree. The Norway spruce, Picea abies, is the predominant species of production forests in moderate climate zone. Bark beetles, Ips typographus, represent the most important pest species of spruce. In general, pioneer bark beetles use host volatiles to orient themselves toward the tree suitable for colonization and in many species host volatiles synergize bark beetle aggregation pheromones. Thus the host volatile composition could affect significantly host colonization. This diploma thesis studied the influence of drought on the production and composition of isoprenoid volatile organic compounds in 80 - 100 years old spruce trees. Using I. typographus antennae as biological detectors, we also studied which resin...
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Analysis of a human body odour using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Bušovská, Radka ; Sobotníková, Jana (advisor) ; Žáček, Petr (referee)
Body odour perception plays an important role in human mate choice, especially in women. It was previously proposed that women select partners whose body odour resembles that of woman's fathers. Yet, this phenomenon has only been confirmed using ethological studies based on subjective perception of body odour similarities. Therefore, the aim of my diploma thesis was to test this hypothesis instrumentally using comprehensive GC×GC-TOFMS and subsequent multidimensional analyses of body odour chemical profiles of male partners and fathers of adult women. Body odour sampling from left and right axilla of fathers and partners of 41 women (altogether 164 samples) was performed using cotton swabs, which were then frozen and extracted into hexane. Typical human volatile substances, such as hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, sterols and terpenes were detected in all examined samples. Using a newly available "tile-based" chromatographic alignment algorithm, we obtained a set of 341 compounds systematically occurring in male axillary odour. The principal component analysis was used to calculate Euclidean distances for all pairs of the studied male subjects. These estimates of "chemical distances" revealed to be significantly smaller for father-partner pairs of individual...
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Determination of volatile isoprenoids as water stress markers of spruce resistance against bark beetle
Slušná, Michaela ; Kalinová, Blanka (advisor) ; Hoškovec, Michal (referee)
Isoprenoids are important components of conifer resin and represent an important part of constituted defence system against herbivores and pathogens. Drought is one of the most important factors that influences the tree physiology and resitance. Due to decreased turgor of resin canal cells, the water insufficiency affects the pressure of the resin and thereby the ability of trees to physically prevent pathogen or herbivore invasion by effective outpouring of the resin. In addition, drought can also change the resin composition and thus can influence the quality of volatiles emitted by the tree. The Norway spruce, Picea abies, is the predominant species of production forests in moderate climate zone. Bark beetles, Ips typographus, represent the most important pest species of spruce. In general, pioneer bark beetles use host volatiles to orient themselves toward the tree suitable for colonization and in many species host volatiles synergize bark beetle aggregation pheromones. Thus the host volatile composition could affect significantly host colonization. This diploma thesis studied the influence of drought on the production and composition of isoprenoid volatile organic compounds in 80 - 100 years old spruce trees. Using I. typographus antennae as biological detectors, we also studied which resin...
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