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Úloha osy PD-1/PD-L1 při infekci \kur{Borrelia burgdorferi} u myší
PALOUNKOVÁ, Anna
Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, induces upregulation of inhibitory immune checkpoint PD-L1 in mice. We studied if the blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 axis by neutralizing antibodies influences the proliferation of T lymphocytes and cytokine milieu in imunological synapsis between murine dendritic cells and T cells in vitro.
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Reakce imunitního systému na spirochéty Lymské boreliózy v závislosti na jejich patogenním potenciálu
ŠMÍDOVÁ, Hana
An infectious disease known as Lyme borreliosis is caused by the bacterium Borrelia, which is transmitted to humans by ticks. The bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of the pathogenic potential of three species of bacteria from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, which are characterized by their antigenic equipment. Differences between these species result in different responses of the host immune system and also affect tissue specificity, it determines the target area in the body where a given bacterium persists and causes symptoms typical of its species.
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Growth kinetics of the Lyme disease spirochetes in vector ticks \kur{Ixodes ricinus} and \kur{Ixodes scapularis}
VELANOVÁ, Hana
Growth kinetics of Borrelia afzelii CB43 in Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis were obtained. Based on this data, I. scapularis was marked as capable of acquiring B. afzelii infection. Growth kinetics of B. burgdorferi N40 in I. ricinus was obtained as well with the same outcome, I. ricinus was able to acquire B. burgdorferi infection. Following transmission experiments showed that I. ricinus as well as I. scapularis are able to acquire the infection by B. burgdorferi and B. afzelii. Moreover, we proved that both ticks are able to transmit the infection back to na?ve mice.
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Detection of persistent forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in infected mice after antibiotic treatment
RAMZY, Ida
Antibiotic treatment of Lyme disease is a challenging procedure with unexpected outcomes that may arise sometime. According to standard protocols recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA (CDC) for early Lyme disease, a short course of oral antibiotics cures the majority of cases. This thesis deals with the analysis of the efficiency of 2 majorly used antibiotics, doxycycline and amoxicillin, in elimination of Borrelia infection on laboratory mice model after 2 weeks of treatment. Our results confirmed the presence of persistent forms of spirochetes in mice tissues after antibiotic treatment using the spirochete cultivation method in liquid MKP medium.
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Molecular Docking Study Of Potential Drug Candidates Against Borreliosis
Koščová, Pavlína
Lyme borreliosis is one of the most common tick-borne infections, for which there is an extensive need to find a new drug. For this purpose our in silico docking study was carried out to identify drug-likeness of chosen small molecules – potential borreliosis drugs. Its results revealed that BesA compound (C2 form) – a membrane fusion protein present in Borrelia burgdorferi, can play a significant role as a possible drug target compound and therefore it should be further examined in development of potential drugs for Lyme borreliosis treatment.
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Metamorphoses of \kur{Borrelia burgdorferi} sensu lato spirochetes: from dormant to motile forms
MORÁVKOVÁ, Veronika
The aim of the study was to obtain and elaborate information focused on metamorphoses of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) spirochetes. The research included detection of various stress conditions for production of dormant forms of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes in vitro. Subsequently, metamorphoses from dormant to motile stages was observed under favourable conditions. Proper PCR method for primers aimed to detect dormant forms of Borrelia was delevoped. The infectious potential of dormant spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) complex was observed in vivo. Transformations of spirochetes have also been observed in real time and individual stages have been recorded.
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Comparative Analysis of Common and Unique Targets in Drug Resistant Strain of Borrelia Burgdorferi
Koščová, Pavlína
The number of drug-resistant strains of Borrelia burgdorferi necessitated the identification of potential drug targets specific to the strain of interest. The chromosomal and plasmid genes of B. burgdorferi strain B31 were compared with erythromycin-resistant B. burgdorferi strain N40 to find common (core) and unique (strain-specific) genes in present study. In silico analysis of genomic data showed total number of unique genes higher in strain N40. The presence of higher number of unique genes in N40 signifies their role in drug resistance mechanism. Furthermore, human proteome was compared with proteome of these strains to find target protein specific to the strain of interest and not present in host. In conclusion, identification of unique genes in these strains provided on differences in drug resistance potential.
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Antivirotické a antibakteriální účinky biologicky aktivních látek z přírodních zdrojů a jejich potenciální využití proti klíšťaty přenášeným patogenům
LUDVÍKOVÁ, Nikola
The first aim of this study was to detect antiviral activities of substances isolated from natural products against tick-borne encephalitis virus in in vitro model. Resveratrol isolated from plant material and adamantane derivatives were studied in this regard. The maximum tolerated concentrations of the investigated substances were determined for the glioblastoma cell line used in the experiments using flow cytometry and subsequently. Next, the number of viral particles produced by infected cells after incubation with the studied substances was determined using plaque titration. Possible antibacterial effects of the studied materials against standard strains of bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus, Staphyloccocus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and selected strains of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes were examined.
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Dog Lyme Disease
Grittnerová, Erika ; Kubík, Štěpán (advisor) ; Vynikalová, Lucie (referee)
Lyme borreliosis is a multi-organ disease caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group. These bacterias are transmitted by ticks of genus Ixodes, in the Czech Republic by Ixodes ricinus. The main reservoirs including the ticks are rodents, insectivores and deers. Lyme disease is the most diagnosed infection transmitted by ticks in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. It is supposed that due to climate change in recent years it will appear more often. In the Czech Republic it is reported 3500 to 4000 cases per year in recent years. The greatest risk of infection is in deciduous and mixed forests, dense and tall vegetation and at locations along watercourses. Borrelia gets into the host body with a saliva of the tick and spreads through blood or lymph to target organs such as the nervous system, joints, myocardium, skeletal muscles, eyes and skin. In dogs the lyme disease manifests usually asymptomatically or by non-specific symptoms that can simulate a variety of other diseases. The most common clinical signs are lameness, fever, joint and muscle pains, lethargy, loss of appetite and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis of the lyme borreliosis is relatively complicated and it is based on an assessment of clinical signs, epidemiological history and laboratory tests. For detection of borrelia in the organism it is used direct or indirect methods. The most commonly used direct method is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that examines the presence of borrelia DNA in a sample. Indirect methods examine the presence of specific antibodies in a blood serum. Combination of ELISA test and Western blot seems to be the most reliable of them. Treatment consist in antibiotic therapy for several weeks. The basis of prevention is early removal of tick and measures to prevent its bite. These measures consist in using various acaricidal preparations. Currently for dogs it is available vaccine that however is not included in the basic vaccination schema.
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